تأثیر مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر منافع و موانع درک شده بر قصد انجام تلقیح واکسن ویروس پاپیلومای انسانی در زنان آسیب‌پذیر: کاربرد مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه بهداشت باروری ومامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 متخصص بیماری‌های عفونی، مرکز کنترل بیماری‌ها، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پژشکی، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: ویروس زگیل تناسلی (HPV)، شایع‌ترین بیماری منتقل شونده از طریق رابطه جنسی می‌باشد. لزوم توسعه آموزش پیشگیرانه، جهت عدم ابتلاء به HPV در جوامع مختلف مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با توجه به لزوم توسعه برنامه‌های جامع ارتقاء سلامت برای زنان آسیب‌پذیر از جمله برنامه‌های پیشگیرانه، تلقیح واکسن و تشخیص به‌موقع، مطالعه‌ حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر منافع و موانع درک شده بر قصد انجام تلقیح واکسن HPV در زنان آسیب‌پذیر انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه‌ کارآزمایی بالینی شاهددار تصادفی شده، به‌صورت پیش آزمون-پس آزمون در سال 1397 بر روی 64 نفر از زنان آسیب‌پذیر در مراکز تحت پوشش بهزیستی شهر اصفهان انجام شد. زنان در دو گروه آزمون و کنترل قرار گرفتند. آموزش سازه‌های منافع و موانع درک شده (با کاربرد مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی) در رابطه با قصد انجام تلقیح واکسن پاپیلومای انسانی، طی 4 جلسه آموزشی در گروه مداخله اجرا گردید. واحد‌های پژوهش قبل، بلافاصله و 6 هفته بعد از آزمون با پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون تی مستقل، من‌ویتنی، کای دو استفاده شد. آزمون­ها در سطح خطای 5% و با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS (نسخه 22) انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: بررسی و تحلیل داده­ها نشان داد که در گروه آزمون اجرای مداخله باعث ایجاد افزایش معنادار در منافع درک شده و کاهش معنادار در موانع درک شده بلافاصله بعد از آزمون شده بود (001/0>p). 6 هفته بعد از آزمون، منافع درک شده پایدار بوده (840/0=p) و موانع درک شده کاهش معنادار یافته بود (017/0=p). همچنین قصد رفتار تلقیح واکسن بلافاصله بعد از آزمون و 6 هفته پس از آزمون به‌طور معناداری افزایش یافته (001/0=p)، در حالی‌که در گروه کنترل تغییرات امتیازات منافع، موانع و قصد رفتار در سه مرحله­ اندازه­گیری معنادار نبود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج مطالعه، برنامه آموزشی بر اساس سازه‌های منافع و موانع درک شده زنان بر افزایش قصد آنان در مورد قصد انجام تلقیح واکسن ویروس پاپیلومای انسانی مؤثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of educational intervention based on perceived benefits and barriers on human papillomavirus inoculation in vulnerable women: Application of health belief model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Ab Ab 1
  • Shahnaz Kohan 2
  • Katayoun Taeri 3
  • Zahra boroumandfar 4
1 M.Sc. student in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Special of infectious diseases, Center for Communicable Diseases Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Genital wart virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. The need to develop preventive education to avoid HPV in different communities has been considered. Due to the need to develop comprehensive health promotion programs for vulnerable women, including prevention programs, vaccination inoculation and early diagnosis, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination in vulnerable women.
Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed as a pretest-posttest in 1397 on 64 vulnerable women in welfare centers in Isfahan. Women were divided into intervention and control groups. Training on perceived benefit structures and barriers (using the Health Belief Model) regarding the intention to inoculate human papilloma vaccine was performed during 4 training sessions in the intervention group. Research units were evaluated before, immediately and 6 weeks after the test with a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square. The tests were performed at an error level of 5% using SPSS software (version 22).
Results: The analysis of data showed that in the intervention group, the implementation of the intervention caused a significant increase in perceived benefits and a significant decrease in perceived barriers immediately after the test (p <0.001). 6 weeks after the test, perceived benefits were stable (p = 0.840) and perceived barriers were significantly reduced (p = 0.017). Also, the intention of vaccine inoculation behavior immediately after the test and 6 weeks after the test increased significantly (p = 0.001), while in the control group, changes in benefit scores, barriers and intention to behave in three stages of measurement were not significant.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the educational program based on the constructs of benefits and perceived barriers of women is effective in increasing their intention to inoculate human papillomavirus vaccine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vulnerable women
  • Behavior intent
  • Health belief model
  • Perceived benefits
  • Perceived barriers
  • Human papillomavirus vaccine

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 23، شماره 7
مهر 1399
صفحه 78-87

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