بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انجام رفتارهای تغذیه صحیح در زنان: مطالعه‌ای مبتنی بر مدل ارتقاء سلامت پندر: 1395

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه آمار زیستی و اپیدمیولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 کارشناس تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، بجنورد، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: عادات غذایی غلط علت 20% کل سرطان­ها در کشور­های در حال توسعه است (1). تغذیه مناسب، عدم استعمال دخانیات و فعالیت بدنی منظم، اجزای اصلی پیشگیری از بیماری‌های مزمن می­باشند (2)، بنابراین توجه به رعایت تغذیه صحیح، امری ضروری می­باشد، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انجام رفتارهای تغذیه صحیح در زنان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی در سال 1395 بر روی 365 نفر از زنان 60-18 ساله شهر بجنورد انجام گرفت. گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه مدل ارتقاء سلامت انجام گرفت. داده‌های گردآوری شده شامل خصوصیات فردی، خودرکارآمدی درک شده، احساسات، منافع درک شده، موانع درک شده، تأثیر گذارنده‌های بین فردی، تأثیر گذارنده‌های وضعیتی، تعهد به طرح عمل و پیامدهای رفتاری بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 24) و آزمون‌های تی مستقل، کای دو، ضریب همبستگی، آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه، همبستگی اسپیرمن و رگرسیون خطی انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: رفتارهای تغذیه صحیح در زنان با عواملی نظیر تحصیلات (04/0=p)، وضعیت تأهل، (03/0=p) و میزان درآمد (0001/0>p) ارتباط معنی‌‌داری داشت، در حالی که با فاکتور وضعیت اشتغال ارتباط معنی‌داری نداشت (007/0=p). سازه­های خودکار‌آمدی درک شده (01/0=p)، موانع درک شده (04/0=p) و پیامدهای رفتاری (002/0=p) با رفتارهای صحیح تغذیه در زنان ارتباط معنی‌داری داشتند. 282 نفر (36/77%) از افراد مورد مطالعه در زمینه برنامه‌هایی غذایی خودکارآمد بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: مطالعه حاضر کارایی مدل ارتقاء سلامت را در پیشگویی اتخاذ رفتارهای صحیح تغذیه در زنان نشان داد، از این رو این مدل می‌تواند به عنوان چارچوبی جهت طراحی مداخلات آموزشی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determinants of proper nutrition behaviors in women: A study based on health promotion model in 2016

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamad Tajfrd 1
  • Mohamad Vahedian Shahroudi 2
  • Habibollah Esmaily 2
  • Nasrin Alizadeh 3
  • Zahra Hoseini khabooshan 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 B.Sc. of Nutrition, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran.
4 M.Sc. student in Health Education, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Poor eating habits are the cause of 20% cancers in developing countries. Proper nutrition, not smoking and regular physical activity are the main components of prevention of chronic diseases. Therefore, attention to proper nutrition is necessary. This study was performed with aim to evaluate determinants of proper nutrition behaviors in women.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 365 women aged 18-60 years old at Bojnord in 2016. Data were collected using health promotion model questionnaire. The collected data included individual characteristics, perceived self-efficacy, emotions, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, interpersonal influencers, status influencers, commitment to action plans, and behaviors outcomes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and Independent t, Chi-square, Correlation coefficient, One-way ANOVA, Spearman correlation and linear regression tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Proper nutrition behaviors in women were significantly associated with the factors such as education (p = 0.04), marital status (p = 0.03) and income level (p <0.0001), while were not significantly associated with employment status (P=0.007). The structures of perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.01), perceived barriers (p = 0.04) and behavioral outcomes (p = 0.002) had significant relationship with proper nutrition behaviors in women. 282 (77.36%) of the studied subjects were self-efficient in their meal plans.
Conclusion: The present study showed the effectiveness of health promotion model in predicting proper nutrition behaviors in women, thus, this model can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Health promotion model
  • Nutrition
  • Perceived barriers
  • Perceived Benefits
  • Self-efficacy
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