اثر آموزش بر باورهای غربالگری سرطان پستان در دانشجویان دختر

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت نظامی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه اهلل )عج(، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطالع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: بر اساس آمار جهانی، سرطان پستان دومین سرطان شایع در بین زنان است و در ایران نیز میزان بروز این
بیماری رو به افزایش است. بر اساس مطالعات موجود، روش های تشخیص زودرس سرطان پستان، مرگ و میر ناشی از
بیماری را کاهش می دهد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش غربالگری سرطان پستان بر باورهای
دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران با بهره گیری از الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی انجام شد.
روشکار: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی، از نوع قبل و بعد بود که با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش بر باورهای
دانشجویان ساکن خوابگاه های کوی دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه آن شامل کلیه دانشجویان مقطع
کارشناسی ورودی سال 77-1377 ساکن خوابگاه های فاطمیه کوی دانشگاه تهران بودند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها
پرسشنامه خود ساخته ای بود که روایی و پایایی آن تأیید شد. آموزش بر اساس الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی و به روش
سخنرانی همراه با جزوه، بروشور و نمایش فیلم و اسالید بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری
SPSS )نسخه 12( و شاخص های آماری توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شد. جهت مقایسه سازه ها قبل و بعد از آموزش از
آزمون تی زوجی استفاده شد. آزمون آماری با حداقل سطح اطمینان 39% سنجیده شد و میزان p کمتر از 5/59 معنی
دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافتهها: میانگین سنی افراد مورد مطالعه 21 ± 1/11 سال بود. 32 نفر )32/3%( از دانشجویان مجرد و 7 نفر )7/1%(
متأهل بودند. در مورد تمام سازه های الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی )حساسیت، شدت، موانع و منافع درک شده و راهنمای
عمل در بعد عوامل خارجی(، آزمون تی زوجی اختالف معنی داری را بین دو مرحله قبل و بعد از آموزش نشان داد
)p<5/5551(. بر اساس آزمون آماری کای دو، بین وضعیت تأهل، محل تولد و سن دانشجویان مورد مطالعه با عوامل
تشکیل دهنده مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی ارتباط آماری معنی داری وجود نداشت )p=5/39(.
نتیجه گیری: آموزش غربالگری سرطان پستان باعث ارتقاء باورهای خودآزمایی پستان در دانشجویان می شود

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Training Breast-Cancer Screening on Female University Students’ Beliefs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Rahmati Najar kolaie 1
  • Farbod Ebadifard Azar 2
  • Shahnaz Rimaz 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Health, Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associated Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: According to the world statistics, Breast Cancer (BC) is the second common cancer among women and Iran is also faced with the increase of this disease. Based on current studies, methods of early BC-detection may reduce mortality caused by BC. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs in university students of Tehran University by application of heath belief model (HBM).
Methods: By the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs of dormitory students of Tehran University, this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was carried out. The participants were selected from the undergraduate dormitory students of Tehran University in 2008-2009. Date collection instrument was a self-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was approved. Training was based on HBM through lectures, pamphlets, films and slides. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 14 and analytical indicators and descriptive statistics. Paired T-test was used in order to compare the participants before and after training. Statistical test was measured by 95 percent assurance. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of participants was 21±1.11. 92 cases (92.9%) of them were single and 7 cases (7.1%) were married. Paired T-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean score of HBM constructs (sensitivity, severity, obstacles, perceived benefits, performing instructions) at pre-test and post-test studies. (p<0.0001). According to chi-square test, no significant difference was observed between marital status, place of birth, students' age and constructing elements of HBM (p=0.35).
Conclusion: Training breast-cancer screening can promote beliefs about self-examination of breast among university students.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Breast Cancer
  • Health belief model
  • Screening

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 15، شماره 23 - شماره پیاپی 23
هفته اول آبان ماه 1391
آبان 1391
صفحه 10-17

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