بررسی ارتباط بین افسردگی دوران بارداری با حمایت اجتماعی و برخی از متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی در زنان باردار

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات ارتقاء سلامت و توسعه اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: افسردگی دوران بارداری پیش بینی کننده مهم افسردگی پس از زایمان است که برای رشد جنین نیز مضر می باشد. بر اساس گزارش سازمان جهانی بهداشت، اختلال افسردگی مهمترین علت ناتوانی زنان در جهان امروز است. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین افسردگی دوران بارداری با حمایت اجتماعی و برخی از متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی انجام شد.
روش کار: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی و تحلیلی در سال 1393 بر روی 208 نفر از زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهری گناباد انجام شد. جهت گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه های جمعیت شناختی، افسردگی ادینبرگ و حمایت اجتماعی وکس استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 21) و آزمون های ضریب همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی انجام شد. میزان P کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ها: میانگین سنی افراد 2/5±5/27 بود و 30 درصد از آنان دچار افسردگی بودند. بطور کلی ارتباط آماری معنادار و معکوسی بین حمایت اجتماعی (دوستان، خانواده و آشنایان) با افسردگی دوران بارداری وجود داشت؛ بر اساس نتایج آزمون رگرسیون خطی متغیرهای حمایت اجتماعی، وضعیت اقتصادی و جنسیت جنین به ترتیب جزء مهمترین متغیرهای پیش بینی کننده افسردگی دوران بارداری بودند (001/0>p).
نتیجه گیری: مادران بارداری که از حمایت اجتماعی بالایی برخوردار هستند، کمتر با افسردگی دوران بارداری روبرو می شوند. نتایج به دست آمده می تواند در پیشگیری و درمان به موقع این مشکل مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between depression during pregnancy with social support and some demographic variables in pregnant women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Moshki 1
  • Vajihe Armanmehr 2
  • Khadijeh Cheravi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
2 M.Sc. of Sociology, Health Promotion and Social Development Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
3 M.Sc. Student of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Depression during pregnancy is a significant predictor of postpartum depression which is harmful to fetal development. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the most important cause of disability among women worldwide. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between depression during pregnancy with social support and some demographic variables.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 208 pregnant women referred to health care centers of Gonabad in 2014. To collect data, demographic questionnaire, Edinburg depression scale, and social support appraisals were used. Data was analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 21) and correlation coefficient test and linear regression test. PResults: The average age was 27/5±5/2 and 30 percent of them were depressed. Generally there was statistically significant inverse relationship between the three sources of social support (friends, family and acquaintances) with depression during pregnancy. According to the results of linear regression test, the variables of social support, economic status and gender of the fetus were the most important predictor variables of depression during pregnancy, respectively (P<0/001).
Conclusion: Pregnant women who have high social support are less likely to face with depression during pregnancy. The results can be used in the prevention and treatment of this problem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Demographic variables
  • Depression
  • pregnancy
  • Social Support

مراجع

  1. Abdollahzade Rafi M, Hassanzadeh Avval M, Ahmadi Sh, Taheri M, Hosseini MA .Relationship between social support with depression and anxiety during third trimester pregnancy. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2012; 7 (36): 1-10.
  2. Dareshouri Mohammadi Z, Bosaknejad S, Sarvghad S. A survey on the effectiveness of stress management training with cognitive-behavioral group therapy approach on state/trait anxiety, pregnancy anxiety and mental health of primiparous women. Jentashapir Journal Of Health Research  2012; 3(4): 495-50.
  3. Bahrami N, Bahrami S. Correlation between prenatal depression with delivery type and neonatal anthropometric indicators. Koomesh 2013; 15 (1): 39-45.
  4. Parsai Rad E, Amir Ali Akbari S, Mashak R. Comparison of insomnia , sleepness and social support in Depressed and non-depressed pregnant women. New findings in psychology 2011; 5 (17): 19-34. (Persian).
  5. Ebrahim Najaf Abadi  A. Factors influencing the social health rate of 15 to 24 year old females in Isfahan (focusing on social support rate). Health and Psycology Quarterly 2012; 1(2): 99. (Persian).
  6. Heidarzadeh M, Hasani P, Rahimzadeh A, Ghahramanian A, Kolahdouzi pour J, Yousef I. Quality of life and social support in congestive heart failure patients and healthy people.  Holistic Nursing And Midwifery 2012; 23 (69): 13-21.
  7. Jamali Moghadam N, Soleimani S. Burnout and its relationship with social support of nursing in hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Sadra Medical Sciences Journal 2013; 1 (2): 69-76. ( Persian).
  8. Chaaya M, Campbell OM, El kak F, Shaar D, Harb H, Kaddour A. Post partum depression: prevalence and determinants in Lebanon. Arch Womens Ment Health 2002; 5(2): 65–72.
  9. Boyd PJL, Blehar MC. Prevention and treatment of depression in pregnancy and postpartum period summery of a maternal depression roundtable. Ob & Gyn 2002; 4: 79-82.
  10. Luo L. Social Social support, reciprocity, and well-being. J Soc Psychol 1997; 137(5): 618-28.
  11. Richardson A, Field T, Newton R & Bendella D. Locus of control and prenatal depression. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 35(4): 662-8.
  12. Kiani F, Khadivzadeh T, Sargolzaee MR, Behnam Vashani HR. Marital satisfaction in pregnancy and postpartum depression. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2008; 13 (5): 37-44. (Persian).
  13. Montazeri A, Torkan B, Omidvari S. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 7, 11.
  14. Montazeri A, Torkan B, Omidvar S. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS):  translation and validation study of the Iranian version. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 11: 293-7.
  15. Nasseh M, Ghazinour M, Joghataei M, Nojomi M, Richter J. A Persian Version of the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). Social Welfare. 2011; 11 (41) :251-266. (Persian).
  16. Evans J, Heron J, Francomb H, Oke S, Golding J. Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. BMJ. 2001; 323(7307):257-60.
  17. Baghi V, Ghannei R, Roohi R, Qurashi H,  Moradi N. The Relationship between Antenatal Depression and Sleep Apnea. IJOGI 2013; 16: 18-24. (Persian).
  18. Alvardo, Perucca E. Depressive disorders during pregnancy and associated factors. Re V Chil Obstet Ginecol 1993; 58 (2): 135-41.
  19. Kitamura BA, Muller R, Bradley BS. Perinatal depression: a randomized controlled trial of an antenatal education intervention for primiparas Birth 2001; 28 (1): 28-35.
  20. Elsenbruch S, Benson S, Rucke M, Rose M, Dudenhausen J, Pincus-Knackstedt M.K, et al. Social support during pregnancy: effects on maternal depressive symptoms, smoking and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod 2007; 22 (3): 869–77.
  21. Webster J, Linnane JW, Dibley LM, Hinson JK, Starrenburg SE, Roberts JA. Measuring social support in pregnancy: can it be simple and meaningful?. Birth 2005; 27(2): 97-101.
  22. Lumley J, Austin MP. What intervention may reduce postpartum depression Gurropin. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2001; 13(6):605-11.
  23. Dolatian M, Maziar P, Alavi Majd H, Yazdjerdi M. The relationship between mode of delivery and postpartum depression. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 2006; 7:260–268. (Persian).
  24. Asayesh H, Hesam M, Ghorbani M, Shariati A. Relation of social support with mental health and consent of life in instance students. Journal science Gorgan Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 2010; 7: 15-20.( Persian).
  25. Greenglass ER, Noguchi K. Longevity, gender and health: A psychocultural perspective. J Am Coll Health 1996; 31: 214-21.
  26. Krause N. Life stress, social support, and self-esteem in an elderly population. Psychol Aging 1987; 2(4): 349-56.
  27. Laloui A, Kashani Zadeh N. The identification of depression in pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics hospitals Baghiyatallah Najmiyeh. Tehran. Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran 2007; 26(3): 317-323. (Persian).
  28. Chen H, Chan YH, Tan KH, et al. Depressive symptomatology in pregnancy a Singaporean perspective. Soc psychiatry psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39(12): 975-9.
  29. Hosaynisazi F, Poorreza A, Hosayni M, Shojaee D. Depression during pregnancy. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci 2005; 7 (1):60-65.(Persian).
  30. Modabernia MJ, Shodjaei Tehrani H, Heydari nezhad S. Survey the frequency of depression in the last third months of pregnancy. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 2011; 18 (71): 19-25.(Persian).
  31. Omidvar SH, KHirkhah F, Azimi H. Depression of pregnancy and related factors. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences 2007; 3(86): 213-219.
  32. Iranfar S, Shakeri J, Ranjbar M, NazhadJafar P, Razaie M. Is unintended pregnancy a risk factor for depression in Iranian women?. East Mediter Health J 2005; 11(4):618-24.
  33. Dennis CL, Janssen PA, Singer J. Identifying women at-risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 110(5): 338-46.
  34. Khorramirad A, Mousavi Lotfi M, Shoori Bidgoli A. Prevalence of postpartum depression and related factors in Qom. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2010; 15 (2):62-66 (Persian).
  35. Rahmani F, Seyedfatemi N, Asadollahi M, Seyedrasooli A. Predisposing factors of postpartum depression. Iran J Nurs 2011; 24 (72):78-87. ( Persian).
مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 18، شماره 142 - شماره پیاپی 142
هفته چهارم فروردین ماه 1394
فروردین 1394
صفحه 12-20

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار