بررسی تأثیر اجرای بسته آموزشی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی بر اعتماد به نفس مادری زنان نخست زا در مراقبت از شیرخوار

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترای پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 مربی گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: خودکارآمدی، عامل اصلی تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد صحیح و مسئولیت پذیری مادران است. اعتماد به نفس نیز متغیری اساسی در روند سازگاری با مادر شدن و ایفای نقش مادری می باشد. استراتژی های ارتقاء خودکارآمدی در برخی مطالعات منجر به بهبود پیامدهای مادری- فرزندی شدند. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر بسته آموزشی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی بر اعتماد به نفس مادری زنان نخست زا در مراقبت از شیرخوار انجام شد.
روش کار: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی در سال 1392 بر روی 61 نفر از زنان نخست زای مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر مشهد جهت اخذ مراقبت نوبت دوم پس از زایمان انجام شد. افراد به طور تصادفی به دو گروه مداخله و کنترل تقسیم شدند. بسته آموزشی مبتنی بر استراتژی های ارتقاء خودکارآمدی بندورا تهیه و برای گروه مداخله اجرا شد. ابزار پژوهش در این مطالعه پرسشنامه انتظارات والدی و اعتماد به نفس مادری لیپز بود که قبل و بعد از مداخله تکمیل شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماریSPSS  (نسخه 16) و آزمون های تی مستقل، کای دو، تی زوجی، من ویتنی و ویلکاکسون و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ها: میانگین نمره خودکارآمدی و اعتماد به نفس مادری قبل از مداخله در دو گروه تفاوت آماری معناداری نداشت (05/0<p). بعد از اجرای بسته آموزشی، افزایش معنادار خودکارآمدی در گروه مداخله 5/22±4/205 نسبت به کنترل7/42±8/186مشاهده شد (039/0=p). اما بر اساس نتایج آزمون تی مستقل، تفاوت معناداری در نمره اعتماد به نفس بعد از مداخله در دو گروه وجود نداشت (05/0<p). پس از مداخله ارتباط خطی معناداری بین نمره خودکارآمدی و اعتماد به نفس در گروه مداخله وجود داشت (001/0=p).
نتیجه گیری: آموزش و حمایت از مادر در مورد مراقبت از شیرخوار بر اساس تئوری خودکارآمدی منجر به ارتقاء خودکارآمدی مادری می شود اما تفاوت معناداری در نمره اعتماد به نفس مادری در مرحله بعد از مداخله ایجاد نمی‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Self-Efficacy Training Package on Maternal Self-Confidence of Primiparous Women in Infant Care

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Jafarnejad 1
  • Elaham Azmoudeh 2
  • Seyed Reza Mazloum 3
  • Tayebeh Reyhani 4
1 Lecturer of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Lecturer of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Maternal Parental Self-Efficacy (MPSE) has been identified as a major determinant of competence in parenting behaviors and responsibility. Confidence is also a key variable in the process of coping with motherhood and maternal role attainment. In some studies, self efficacy promotional strategies led to improve maternal-child outcomes. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-efficacy training package on maternal self confidence of primiparous women in infant care.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2013on 61 primiparous women referred to health centers of Mashhad, Iran for giving second postpartum care. Women were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Training package based on Bandura's self-efficacy strategies was prepared and implemented for the intervention group. The research instruments were Parental Expectations Survey and Lips Maternal Confidence, that were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16, independent t-test, chi-square, Man-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Pearson tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean score of maternal self-efficacy and confidence was not statistically different between the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05). After implementation of the training package, significant increase in efficacy was observed in the intervention group (205/4±5/22) compared to the control (186/8±42/7) (p=0.039). But according to the results of the independent t-test, there was not a significant difference in the confidence mean scores after the intervention between two groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant linear relationship between self-efficacy and confidence scores in the intervention group (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Maternal training and support in infant caring based on self-efficacy strategies increase maternal self-efficacy, but it has no significant increase on maternal self-confidence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Education
  • mothers
  • self-confidence
  • self efficacy

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 17، شماره 104 - شماره پیاپی 104
هفته دوم تیر ماه 1393
تیر 1393
صفحه 18-28

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