روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه نیازهای روانی بارداری در دوران بارداری

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، سنندج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مشاوره خانواده، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: ارضاء نیازهای روانی در دوران بارداری به‌عنوان احساس رضایت، افزایش استقلال، بهبود تعامل بین دیگران و محیط و افزایش خودبه‌خودی انرژی روانی برای دستیابی به بارداری و زایمانی موفق تعریف می‌شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ساخت و اعتباریابی پرسشنامه نیازهای روانی بارداری انجام شد.
روش‌کار: پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، از نظر داده ترکیبی کیفی و کمّی (آمیخته) و از نظر روش مطالعه، داده بنیاد است. جامعه آماری شامل زنان مراجعه کننده به کلینیک‌های تخصصی زنان و مراکز مامایی در سال 1402-1401 شهر کرمانشاه بود که از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با معیار ورود تا اشباع نظری 40 نفر انتخاب و تحت مصاحبه عمیق قرار گرفتند. پس از تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها، ابزاری متناسب با بافت ایرانی برای اندازه­گیری نیازهای روانی بارداری تنظیم شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در بخش کیفی از تحلیل محتوا و در بخش کمّی از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تحلیل عاملی مرتبه اول و دوم و برای سنجش پایایی آن از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد.
یافته ­ها: بر اساس نتایج تحلیل عامل اکتشافی، 6 عامل استخراج شد و بر اساس نتایج تحلیل عامل تأییدی برازش مدل شش بُعدی نیازهای روانی بارداری تأیید شد. به لحاظ مبانی نظری و محتوای سؤال‌ها، این عوامل با عناوین (حمایت‌طلبی، محبت‌خواهی، انگیزه و امید، درک هیجانی، همدلی و نیاز جنسی) نام‌گذاری شد. همچنین پایایی پرسشنامه 89/0 گزارش شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد پرسشنامه نیازهای روانی بارداری، از روایی و پایایی لازم برخوردار است و می‌توان از طریق این ابزار، به سنجش نیازهای روانی زنان باردار پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychometrics of pregnancy psychological needs questionnaire during pregnancy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Rezaei 1
  • Mahmoud Goudarzi 2
1 PhD student in Counseling, School of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Family Counseling, Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Satisfying psychological needs during pregnancy is defined as a feeling of satisfaction, increased independence, improved interaction between others and the environment, and spontaneous increase of mental energy to achieve successful pregnancy and delivery. The present study was conducted with aim to create and validate the pregnancy psychological needs questionnaire.
Methods: In terms of applied purpose, the current research is qualitative and quantitative combined data (mixed) and in terms of study method is foundational data. The statistical population included women referred to specialized women's clinics and midwifery centers in Kermanshah city in 2022-2023, and 40 people were selected through purposeful sampling with the inclusion criteria up to theoretical saturation and were subjected to in-depth interviews. After the analysis of the interviews, a tool suitable for the Iranian context was prepared to measure the psychological needs of pregnancy. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part of content analysis and in the quantitative part of exploratory factor analysis, first and second order factor analysis were used and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure its reliability.
Results: Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, six factors were extracted and the fit of the six-dimensional model of psychological needs of pregnancy was confirmed based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis. Considering the theoretical foundations and the content of the questions, these factors were named (supportiveness, affection, motivation and hope, emotional understanding, empathy and sexual need). Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was reported as 0.89.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the pregnancy psychological needs questionnaire has the necessary validity and reliability, and it is possible to measure the psychological needs of pregnant women through this tool.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pregnancy
  • Psychological needs
  • Reliability
  • Validation
  • Validity

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 26، شماره 6
شهریور 1402
صفحه 24-36

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