مقایسه خطر نسبی استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی در زنان بعد از سقط، حاملگی خارج رحمی و بارداری نرمال: یک مطالعه مقطعی

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت‌حیدریه، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت‌حیدریه، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

3 مربی گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت‌حیدریه، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: با وجود شیوع فراوان سقط و بارداری خارج رحمی، مطالعات محدودی پیرامون عوارض روانی به‌دنبال از دست رفتن زودهنگام بارداری وجود دارد، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه خطر نسبی استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی در زنان با سابقه بارداری نابجا و سقط و بارداری طبیعی انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی از مهر تا اسفند سال ۱۴۰۰ بر روی۳۱۲ زن مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان­ های تربت حیدریه انجام شد. ۱ و ۳ ماه بعد از تشخیص سقط و بارداری نابجا و اثبات حاملگی قابل حیات، اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده مربوط به عوارض روان‌شناختی از طریق پرسشنامه­ های استرس کوهن، افسردگی بک و اضطراب اشپیل برگ در سه گروه بررسی شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه ۱۶) و آزمون­ های آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه و کای اسکوئر انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته­ ها: تعداد شرکت کنندگان در گروه بارداری نابجا ۹۷ نفر، در گروه سقط ۱۰۴ نفر و در گروه بارداری سالم ۱۱۱ نفر بودند. ۱ ماه بعد از تشخیص نوع بارداری، شیوع عوارض روان‌شناختی شامل استرس (6/7%)، اضطراب (6/47%) و افسردگی (2/29%) در گروه مورد بیشتر بود. ۳ ماه بعد از تشخیص نوع بارداری، عوارض روان‌شناختی در گروه مورد بیشتر و به‌ترتیب ۴/۲۴%، ۵/۴۱% و ۳/۲۴% بود. خطر نسبی استرس 32/3 و اضطراب 75/1 در گروه بارداری خارج رحمی نسبت به سقط بیشتر بود و در گروه سقط خطر نسبی افسردگی 86/2 بیشتر مشاهده شد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به بیشتر بودن عوارض روانی از دست دادن زودرس بارداری نسبت به بارداری نرمال، به‌منظور جلوگیری از اثرات نامطلوب دیسترس روانی، بکارگیری اقدامات مؤثر طبی و مشاوره‌ای، مناسب به‌نظر می­ رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relative risk of stress, anxiety and depression in women after miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and normal pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Hoseini Haji 1
  • Maryam Aradmehr 1
  • Morvarid Irani 2
  • Mohamad Namazinia 3
1 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
3 Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of abortion and ectopic pregnancy, there are limited studies on psychological complications following early pregnancy loss, so the present study was conducted with aim to compare the relative risk of stress, anxiety and depression in women with a history of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage and normal pregnancy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 women referred to Torbat Heydarieh hospitals from September to February 2021. One and three months after the diagnosis of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy and proof of viable pregnancy, the data of psychological outcomes was collected through Cohen's stress, Beck depression and Spielberg anxiety questionnaires in three groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The number of participants in the ectopic pregnancy group was 97, in the miscarriage group was 104, and in the normal pregnancy group was 111. One month after the diagnosis of the type of pregnancy, the prevalence of psychological complications including stress (7.6%), anxiety (47.6%) and depression (29.2%) was higher in the case group. Psychological complications three months later were higher in the case group and were 24.4%, 41.5%, and 24.3%, respectively. The relative risk of stress 3.32 and anxiety 1.75 was higher in the ectopic pregnancy group compared to miscarriage group, and the relative risk of depression was 2.86 higher in the miscarriage group.
Conclusion: Considering the greater psychological outcomes of early pregnancy loss compared to normal pregnancy, using effective medical and counseling measures is recommended in order to prevent the adverse effects of psychological distress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Miscarriage
  • Stress

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 26، شماره 5
مرداد 1402
صفحه 49-60

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