مقایسه پیامدهای بارداری و زایمان در زنان متأهل نوجوان و جوان

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مشاوره در مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت باروری و مشاوره در مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت باروری و مشاوره در مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران. کارشناس ارشد گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه به قانون جوانی جمعیت، تعداد حاملگی‌های نوجوانان در کشور ایران افزایش یافته است. با توجه به اهمیت شناخت پیامدهای بارداری در این سنین برای برنامه‌ریزی و مراقبت از این افراد، مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه‌ پیامدهای بارداری و زایمان در نوجوانان با زنان جوان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی در سال 1400 بر روی 865 زن بستری در بخش­ های بعد از زایمان دو بیمارستان دولتی و نیمه‌دولتی گرگان انجام شد. پیامدهای بارداری در دو گروه نوجوانان (105 زن 19-13 سال) و گروه جوانان (760 زن 34-20 سال) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. داده­ های مربوط به اطلاعات زمینه ­ای، از طریق فرم جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و پیامدهای بارداری و زایمان توسط چک‌لیست محقق‌ساخته به روش مصاحبه حضوری، بررسی پرونده بیمارستانی و مستندات همراه جمع‌آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون ­های دقیق فیشر، کای اسکوئر و رگرسیون لجستیک انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ­ها: میانگین سن حاملگی، در دو گروه تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری نداشت. از میان پیامدهای مورد بررسی، کم­ خونی فقرآهن و سقط در گروه نوجوانان و پیامد نوزاد کم‌وزن و زایمان سزارین در زنان جوان بیشتر مشاهده شد و سایر پیامدها در دو گروه تفاوتی نداشتند. شانس داشتن کم­خونی فقرآهن در زنان زیر 20 سال نسبت به زنان 34-20 سال 60% بیشتر بود (64/1=OR). همچنین شانس داشتن سقط در زنان زیر 20 سال تقریباً 8 برابر زنان بالای 20 سال بود (12/8=OR). شانس داشتن زایمان سزارین (31/3=OR) و نوزاد با وزن کمتر از 2500 گرم (72/2= OR) در زنان 34-20 سال نسبت به زنان زیر 20 سال، تقریباً 3 برابر بود.
نتیجه­ گیری: با عنایت به اینکه نوجوانان در این مطالعه تحت حمایت خانواده و همسر، در چارچوب ازدواج قانونی باردار شده و هیچ سابقه‌ای از سوء مصرف مواد نداشتند، بارداری این گروه سنی به غیر از کم‌خونی فقرآهن و سقط، پیامد نامطلوب دیگری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth in married adolescents and young women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elnaz Malek Mohammadi 1
  • Narjes Sadat Borghei 2
  • Zahra Mehrbakhsh 3
1 M.Sc. in Midwifery Consultation, Counseling in Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Counseling in Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
3 PhD Candidate in Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. M.Sc. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: According to the population youth regulation, the number of adolescent pregnancies increased in Iran. Considering the importance of knowing the consequences of pregnancy at this age for planning and caring for these people, the present study was conducted with aim to compare the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents and young women.
Methods: This desctiptive analytical study was performed in 2021 on 865 hospitalized women in postpartum care unit of two government and semi-government hospitals of Gorgan. Pregnancy outcomes were compared in two groups of adolescent (105 women aged 13-19 years) and young women (760 women aged 20-34 years). The data related to the background information was collected through the data collection form and the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth by a researcher-made checklist through face-to-face interview, review of hospital records and accompanying documents. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 16) and Chi-square, Fisher exact test and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean gestational age was not significantly different between the two groups. Among the studied outcomes, anemia and abortion was more common in the adolescent group and the other outcomes were not different in the two groups. The chance of having iron deficiency anemia in women under 20 years old compared to women aged 20-34 years was more than 60% (OR=1.64), also the chance of abortion in women under 20 years old was almost 8 times that of women over 20 years old (OR=8.12). The chance of cesarean delivery (OR=3.31) and birth weigh less than 2500 gr (OR = 2.72) in women aged 20-34 was almost 3 times compared to women under 20 years.
Conclusion: Given that the teenagers in this study got pregnant under the support of family and spouse within the framework of legal marriage and had no history of substance abuse, pregnancy in this age group has no other adverse consequences other than iron deficiency anemia and abortion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adolescent
  • Childbirth
  • Pregnancy outcome

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 26، شماره 3
خرداد 1402
صفحه 78-89

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