بررسی ارتباط BMI و وزن‌گیری مادر در دوران بارداری با وزن هنگام تولد

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زنان و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات نوزادان، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد بهداشت، مرکز بهداشت فریمان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: عوامل متنوعی نظیر تغذیه مناسب مادر، بر روی سلامت مادر و جنین تأثیر می­گذارند. وزن‌گیری مادر در بارداری، یکی از معیارهای معتبر برای ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه وی می‌باشد. از آنجایی که نوزادان کم‌وزن به‌دلیل شرایط خاص خود بیشتر در معرض خطر مرگ‌و‌میر قرار دارند، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط BMI و افزایش وزن مادر در دوران بارداری با وزن هنگام تولد نوزادان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه هم‌گروهی گذشته‌نگر، اطلاعات تمام نوزادان متولد شده شهرستان فریمان در سال 1399 (2026 نفر) به همراه مادرانشان از طریق پرونده الکترونیک سلامت سینا (فرم بررسی تغذیه و مشاوره با شیرمادر، فرم مراقبت نوزادان و فرم‌های مراقبت‌های دوران بارداری) و مصاحبه سازمان یافته اطلاعات دموگرافیک و وزن، قد هنگام تولد، وزن، قد مادر در ابتدای بارداری و انتهای بارداری، BMI مادر، نوع زایمان، تاریخچه بارداری و ... جمع‌آوری گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 22) و آزمون‌های کای دو، فیشر و من‌ویتنی انجام شد. میزانp کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: بین BMI مادر، ابتلاء به بیماری مزمن، تعداد بارداری مادر، تعداد مراقبت انجام شده در طول بارداری، مصرف مکمل‌های دوران بارداری، سن بارداری، چندقلویی، نوع زایمان و جنسیت نوزاد با تولد نوزاد کم‌وزن ارتباط معناداری وجود داشت (05/0>p). همچنین BMI مادر، وزن مادر در ابتدای بارداری، وزن انتهای بارداری و قد نوزاد در دو گروه نوزادان با وزن کم هنگام تولد و نوزادان با وزن طبیعی اختلاف معناداری داشت (05/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: BMI مادر در اﺑﺘﺪای ﺑﺎرداری و نیز وزن انتهای ﺑﺎرداری ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ وزن ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻧﻮزاد اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، لذا ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ- درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و زﻧﺎن ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎروری اﻣﺮی ﺿﺮوری ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with birth weight

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Moeindarbari 1
  • Toktam Forghani 2
  • Fatemeh Rezaei Sharif 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatal Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 M.Sc. of Health, Fariman Health Office, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 PHD student in Biostatistics, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Various factors, such as proper nutrition of the mother, affect the health of the mother and fetus. Weight gain of the mother during pregnancy is one of the valid criteria to evaluate her nutritional status. Considering that low birth weight babies are more at risk of death due to their special conditions, the present study was conducted aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with neonates' birth weight.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the information of all babies born in Fariman city in 2020 (n=2026) along with their mothers was collected through the Sina's electronic health record  (Nutrition review form and breastfeeding consultation form, newborn care form and prenatal care form) and an organized interview, demographic information and weight, birth height, weight, mother's height at the beginning of pregnancy and at the end of pregnancy, mother's BMI, type of delivery, and pregnancy history were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22) and Chi-square, Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: There was a significant relationship between mother's BMI, chronic disease, number of mother's pregnancies, number of care provided during pregnancy, use of prenatal supplements, gestational age, type of delivery, multiple births and baby's gender with low birth weight babies (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in mother's BMI, mother's weight at the beginning of pregnancy, weight at the end of pregnancy, and baby's height in two groups of low birth weight and normal weight babies (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The mother's BMI at the beginning of pregnancy and weight at the end of pregnancy can affect the birth weight of the baby, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue and increasing the level of awareness of the employees of health-medical centers and women of reproductive age.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Infant
  • Low birth weight
  • Maternal body mass index
  • Pregnancy

مراجع

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 25، شماره 6
شهریور 1401
صفحه 12-20

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