شیوع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر و عوامل مرتبط با آن در ایران: مرور نظام‌مند و متاآنالیز

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد آمار زیستی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی شوشتر، شوشتر، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترای بهداشت باروری، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: تغذیه با شیر مادر، یکی از راهبردهای مهم برای رشد و بقاء کودکان است، زیرا تأمین‌کننده نیازهای جسمی، فیزیولوژیک و روحی او تا 6 ماهگی است، بنابراین مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف تعیین شیوع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر و عوامل مرتبط با آن در ایران انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه مرور نظام‌مند و متاآنالیز، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Scopus، PubMed، web of science، SID،Magiran ، Iranmedex، IranDoc و Google Scholar منابع مقالات انتخاب شده و منابع منتشر نشده (کنفرانس‌ها، تزها) با کلید واژه‌های Breastfeeding، Exclusive، Prevalence و Iran از سال 2019-2010 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی کیفیت از چک‌لیست استروب، جهت بررسی ناهمگونی از شاخص I2 و برای ارزیابی سوگرایی انتشار از آزمون Egger’s استفاده شد. از مدل اثرات تصادفی برای شیوع ترکیبی و نسبت شانس با فاصله اطمینان 95% استفاده شد. آنالیز داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار Stata (نسخه 16) انجام شد.
یافته‌ها:از 30 مطالعه­‌ای که نتایج آنها استخراج گردید، 19740 کودک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. میزان شیوع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر (59/0-38/0، 95% :CI) 49/0 به‌دست آمد. نسبت شانس تغذیه انحصاری برای نوع زایمان (72/1-07/1، 95% :CI) 36/1، برای سطح تحصیلات (84/1-01/1، 95% :CI) 36/1 و برای شغل مادر (23/4-09/1، 95% :CI) 15/2 بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد شیوع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر پایین بوده و نیازمند اقدامات مداخله‌ای می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azar Baba Ahmadi 1
  • Zahra Sadat Pajouhideh 2
  • Salmaz Mohammadi 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Biostatistics, Student Research Commitee, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Shoushtar School of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
3 3. PhD student of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Breastfeeding is one of the most important strategies for the growth and survival of children, because it provides their physical, physiological and mental needs up to 6 months, so this review study was performed with aim to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors in Iran.
Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the databases of Scopus, PubMed, web of science, SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, IranDoc and Google Scholar, the references of selected articles and unpublished sources (conferences, thesis) with the keywords of Breastfeeding, Exclusive, Prevalence and Iran were evaluated from 2010-2019. The Strobe checklist was used to assess the quality, the I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity, and the Egger’s test was used to assess the diffusion bias. The random effects model was used for the combined prevalence and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Data were analyzed by Stata software (version 16).
Results: From 30 studies that their results were extracted, 19740 children were examined. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 0.49 (CI 95%; 0.38-0.59). The exclusive feeding odds ratio for type of delivery was 1.36 (CI 95%; 1.7-1.72), for education level was 1.36 (CI 95%; 1.01-1.84) and for maternal occupation was 2.15 (CI 95%; 1.09-4.23).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was low and requires intervention measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Exclusive breastfeeding
  • Iran
  • Meta-analysis
  • Prevalence
  • Systematic review

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 24، شماره 5
مرداد 1400
صفحه 103-115

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