بررسی ابعاد سازههای الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی در رابطه با رفتارهای بهداشتی دهان و دندان در زنان باردار شهر کرمان در سال 1397 (یک مطالعه مقطعی-توصیفی)

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه سلامت دهان و دندان‌پزشکی اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت دهان و دندان، دانشکده دندان‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه آسیب‌شناسی دهان، فک و صورت، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های دهان و دندان، دانشکده دندان‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: توجه به بهداشت دهان و دندان در گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر از جمله زنان باردار برای حفظ سلامت مادر و جنین از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ابعاد سازه‌های الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی در رابطه با رفتارهای بهداشتی دهان و دندان در زنان باردار شهر کرمان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی، تحلیلی و مقطعی در سال 1397 بر روی 138 زن باردار مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر کرمان انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته بر اساس الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی و متشکل از 4 بخش اطلاعات فردی، وضعیت رعایت بهداشت، الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی و ارزیابی شاخص پلاک لثه‌ای به‌روش سیلنس- لو بود. فراوانی و فراوانی نسبی برای هر کدام از متغیرها محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 19) و آنالیز رگرسیون خطی، آنوا و تی تست انجام گرفت. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار شاخص پلاک افراد 62/0±16/1، نمره رعایت بهداشت 04/2±49/13 و نمره کل پرسشنامه مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی 84/11±70/130 بود. شاخص پلاک با منافع درک شده ارتباط آماری معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>p). بین الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی افراد با سطح سواد، هفته بارداری و نوع بیمه ارتباط معناداری وجود داشت (05/0>p). همچنین بین سطح سواد و هفته بارداری با وضعیت رعایت بهداشت ارتباط آماری معناداری مشاهده شد (05/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: عملکرد بهداشتی و شاخص پلاک دندانی زنان باردار در محدوده متوسط قرار دارد که در نتیجه ترس از اقدامات دندان‌پزشکی می‌باشد. نمره کلی الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی افراد نیز در محدوده متوسط قرار دارد. بنابراین توجه به جنبه‌های اعتقادی و بهداشتی مراقبت در بارداری و آموزش‌های لازم در این زمینه ضروری بوده و توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Dimensions of Health Belief Model Structures Related to Oral Health Behaviors aomng Pregnant Women in Kerman City in 2018 (A cross-sectional descriptive study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Najminouri 1
  • Molook Torabi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Paying attention to dental and oral hygiene in vulnerable groups, including pregnant women, is important for protecting and maintaining maternal and fetal health. This study was performed with aim to determine the dimensions of health belief model Structures related to oral health behaviors among pregnant women in Kerman city.
Methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 138 pregnant women in health centers of Kerman city in 2018. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on health belief model consisting of four sections: demographic information, oral hygiene status, health belief model and assessment of gingival plaque index by Silness and loe Method. Frequency and relative frequency were calculated for each of the variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and linear regression analysis and t-test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of participants' plaque index was 1.16±0.62, oral hygiene score was 13.49±2.04 and total score of health belief model questionnaire was 130.70±11.84. 61. The plaque index had significant relationship with perceived benefit (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between health belief model with education level, pregnancy week and type of insurance (p<0.05). A significant relationship was found between oral hygiene status with education level and pregnancy week (p<0.05)
Conclusion:Health performance and dental plaque index of pregnant women are in moderate range which is the result of fear from dental procedures. The total score of people's health belief model is also in the moderate range. So, attention to the beliefs and health aspects of pregnancy care and necessary education in this area is necessary and recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Health behaviors
  • Oral Health
  • Pregnancy
  1. Shamsi M, Hidarnia A, Niknami S, Rafiee M, Zareban I, Karimy M. The effect of educational program on increasing oral health behavior among pregnant women: Applying health belief model. Health Education and Health Promotion 2013; 1(2):21-36.
  2. Deghatipour M, Ghorbani Z, Ghanbari S, Arshi S, Ehdayivand F, Namdari M, et al. Oral health status in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral factors among pregnant women: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19(1):117..
  3. Xiao J, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Billings R, Network ND, Group C. Intergenerational Task: Helping Expectant Mothers Obtain Better Oral Health during Pregnancy. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2019; 150(7):565-6.
  4. Bahramian H, Mohebbi SZ, Khami MR, Shahbazi Sighaldeh S. A health belief model-based instrument for assessing factors affecting Oral health behavior during pregnancy. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2017; 19(8).
  5. George A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Dahlen HG, Reath J, Korda A, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practises of dentists towards oral health care during pregnancy: A cross sectional survey in New South Wales, Australia. Australian dental journal 2017; 62(3):301-10.
  6. Colleen AR, Joseph SR, Susan RR, Wayne FV, James OP. Health Behavior Models. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education 2000; 3(Special Issue):180-193.
  7. Emami Moghadam Z, Aemmi SZ, Dadgar S, Sardar Abadi F. Improving the performance of pregnant women in oral and dental health based on the Health Belief Model. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(176):11-6.
  8. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
  9. Salari N, Farokhzadian J, Abazari F. Comparing health promotion behaviors of male and female high school students in Southeast of Iran. International journal of adolescent medicine and health 2017; 1(ahead-of-print).
  10. Bahri Binabaj N, Bahri Binabaj N, Iliati HR, Salarvand S, Mansoorian MR. Assessment of DMFT index in pregnant women and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and health behaviors in terms of oral and dental cares (Mashhad-2009). Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2012; 15(3):15-21.
  11. Shamsi M, Hidarnia A, Niknami S. A survey of oral health care behavior in pregnant women of Arak: Application of health belief model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2012; 22(89):104-15.
  12. Emami Moghadam Z, Ajami B, Behnam Vashani HR, Sardarabady F. Perceived benefits based on the health belief model in oral health related behaviors in pregnant women, Mashhad, 2012. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2013; 16(44):21-7.
  13. Kateeb E, Momany E. Dental caries experience and associated risk indicators among Palestinian pregnant women in the Jerusalem area: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18(1):1-8.
  14. Hans M, Hans VM, Kahlon N, Ramavat PK, Gupta U, Das A. Oral health awareness and practices in pregnant females: A hospital-based observational study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019; 23(3):264-8.
  15. Togoo RA, Al-Almai B, Al-Hamdi F, Huaylah SH, Althobati M, Alqarni S. Knowledge of pregnant women about pregnancy gingivitis and children oral health. European journal of dentistry 2019; 13(2):261.
  16. Liu PP, Wen W, Yu KF, Gao X, Wong MC. Dental care-seeking and information acquisition during pregnancy: a qualitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019; 16(14):2621.
  17. Rahmani A, Hamanajm SA, Allahqoli L, Fallahi A. Factors affecting dental cleaning behaviour among pregnant women with gingivitis. International journal of dental hygiene 2019; 17(3):214-20.
  18. Torabi M, Najafi GA, Maskani A. Evaluation of CPITN index in pregnant women Kerman 2001-2002. Journal of Dental school shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2006; 24(1):33-39.
  19. Kashetty M, Kumbhar S, Patil S, Patil P. Oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs among pregnant and nonpregnant women: A comparative study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2018; 22(2):164-70.
  20. Ahmadian-Yazdi A, Sanatkhani M. A descriptive survey of the oral health on a group of the Asian pregnant women resident in the UK. Journal of Mashhad Dental School 2003; 27(Issue):93-9.
  21. Al-Swuailem AS, Al-Jamal FS, Helmi MF. Treatment perception and utilization of dental services during pregnancy among sampled women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research 2014; 5(2):123-9.
  22. Erchick DJ, Rai B, Agrawal NK, Khatry SK, Katz J, LeClerq SC, et al. Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19(1):1-1.
  23. Kandan PM, Menaga V, Kumar RR. Oral health in pregnancy (guidelines to gynaecologists, general physicians & oral health care providers). JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2011; 61(10):1009-14.
  24. Kabali TM, Mumghamba EG. Knowledge of periodontal diseases, oral hygiene practices, and self-reported periodontal problems among pregnant women and postnatal mothers attending reproductive and child health clinics in rural Zambia. International journal of dentistry 2018; 2018.
  25. Hosein Kazemi H, Zeinal Zadeh M, Farsam F, Khafri S, Matloubi N. Pregnant women's self-report of oral health condition and its relation with oral clinical status. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2016; 18(186):9-16.
  26. Karimi Afshar M, Torabi M, Raeisi Afshar M, Deldar M. Oral health literacy and oral health behavior in pregnant women referring to health centers in south of Kerman province. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2020;23(3):39-49.
  27. Navabi N, Najminouri F, Tavallaie M. Assessment of oral health literacy: A systematic review of validated worldwide versus Persian measures. Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology. 2020 Jan 1;9(1):7-15.