بررسی علل تفاوت استفاده از روش‌های پیشگیری از بارداری در اقوام مختلف

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، بجنورد، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد جمعیتشناسی دانشگاه تهران و محقق مؤسسه مطالعات جمعیتی اجتماعی دانشگاه ملی استرالیا.

4 مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، انستیتو سبک زندگی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیهالله (عج)، تهران، ایران. استاد دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه‌الله (عج)، تهران، ایران.

5 دانشیار گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

6 مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه به این که یکی از مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر انتخاب روش پیشگیری از بارداری، قومیت افراد می‌باشد و عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی و مذهبی مؤثر بر این انتخاب در اقوام مختلف متفاوت باشد، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی تفاوت‌های روش‌های پیشگیری از بارداری در یک جامعه موزائیک چندقومیتی انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 1396 بر روی 1000 زن متأهل واقع در سنین باروری (49-15 سال) از 5 گروه قومیتی فارس، ترک، کرد، ترکمن و تات خراسان شمالی انجام گرفت. گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته رفتار باروری (با استفاده از روش قیاسی و بر اساس مرور متون و تلفیق سؤالات پرسش نامه‌های موجود) انجام گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 21) و آزمون‌های تی و آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها‌: در تمام اقوام قرص‌ها الویت اول روش پیشگیری از بارداری معرفی شدند (با بیشترین فراوانی، در قوم کرد). در قوم فارس، کرد و ترک با اختلاف اندک کاندوم و IUD به‌عنوان الویت دوم استفاده از روش‌های پیشگیری از بارداری و در قوم تات و ترکمن با اختلاف واضح، کاندوم الویت دوم و IUD الویت سوم زنان در انتخاب روش پیشگیری از بارداری می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: انتخاب روش‌های جلوگیری از بارداری متأثر از ویژگی‌های افراد است، لذا باید تمامی برنامه‌ریزی‌ها به‌ویژه برنامه‌های تنظیم خانواده که در ارتباط مستقیم با باروری قرار دارد، مبتنی بر شرایط خاص فرهنگی و اجتماعی و شناخت شرایط آن جامعه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Causes of difference in the use of contraceptive methods in different ethnic groups

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Abasi 1
  • Zohreh Keshavarz 2
  • Mohammad Jalal Abbasi Shavazi 3
  • Abbas Ebadi 4
  • Habibollah Esmaili 5
  • Mahboubeh Ghorbani 6
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Researcher, Institute for Social Demographic Studies, National University of Australia.
4 Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Professor, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Considering that ethnicity is one of the influential factors in choosing the contraceptive method, and the social, cultural and religious factors affecting this choice vary among different ethnic groups, therefore, this study was performed with aim to identify differences in contraceptive methods in a multi-ethnic mosaic community.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017 on 1000 married women at reproductive age (15-49 years) from five ethnic groups of Fars, Turk, Kurd, Turkman and Tat in North Khorasan. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of fertility behavior (using deductive method based on literature review and compilation of existing questionnaire questions). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and t-test and bilateral variance analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The first priority of contraceptives was pills in all ethnic groups (most frequently in the Kurdish ethnicity). In Fars, Kurds and Turks, with slight differences between condoms and IUDs, they are the second priority of contraceptive methods. In the Tat and Turkmen ethnicity, with the clear distinction, condom was the second and IUD was the third priority of in choosing a contraceptive method.
Conclusion: The choice of contraceptive methods is influenced by the characteristics of individuals. Therefore, all planning, especially family planning programs which are directly related to fertility, should be based on specific cultural and social conditions and understanding the conditions of that community.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contraception
  • Ethnicity
  • Fertility behavior

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 24، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 44-54

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