تأثیر سرب بر زمان بلوغ دختران و پسران: یک مقاله مروری نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی PHD بهداشت باروری، کمیته پژوهشی دانشجویان، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکترای بهداشت باروری، کمیته پژوهشی دانشجویان، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

5 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: بلوغ، دوران تغییرات تکاملی از کودکی به بزرگسالی و کسب قدرت باروری می­باشد. زمان بلوغ احتمالاً در بروز خطراتی در آینده مانند سرطان، سندرم متابولیک و بیماری‌های قلبی - عروقی تأثیر دارد. شواهد متعددی نشانگر نقش مواجهات محیطی در تغییر زمان بلوغ می­باشد. مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر سرب بر زمان بلوغ دختران و پسران بر اساس مطالعات انجام گرفته در این زمینه انجام گرفت.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه مروری، مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی مربوط به مطالعات مشاهده­ای ایندکس شده در پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی SID، ISI Web of Science، Scopus، PubMed، Embase و Google Scholar در بازه زمانی سال 2018-2000 با ترکیبات مختلف کلمات کلیدی "سرب" و "بلوغ " به‌دست آمده از MESH انتخاب شدند. از مجموع 182 مقاله بررسی شده، 12 مقاله مرتبط با هدف و با توجه به معیارهای ورود و خروج و بررسی کیفیت گزارش مقالات بر اساس چک‌لیست STROBE انتخاب شدند.
یافته‌ها: 12 مقاله در دو حیطه تأثیر سرب بر بلوغ دختران و پسران دسته‌بندی شدند. در اکثر مطالعات در دختران سطوح مختلف سرب خون به‌خصوص سطوح بالا، با تأخیر در بروز منارک، تکامل پستان و رویش موهای پوبیس ارتباط آماری معنی­داری داشت و در پسران نیز ارتباط آماری معنی­داری بین سطوح متفاوت سرب خون مخصوصاً سطوح بالا، با تأخیر در روند بلوغ از جمله افزایش حجم بیضه­ها و رویش موهای پوبیس وجود داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: سرب می­تواند در روند طبیعی بلوغ تأثیر بگذارد و مخصوصاً در ایجاد تأخیر در بلوغ دختران و پسران مؤثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of lead on puberty time in girls and boys: a systematic review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahin Bazzazian 1
  • Masoumeh Simbar 2
  • Giti Ozgoli 3
  • Tahereh Mokhtarian Gilani 1
  • Malihe Ghiasvand 4
  • Nasrin Azimi 1
  • Zahra Kiani 1
  • Maryam Hajiesmaeilloo 5
1 PHD Candidate, Department of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4 PHD Candidate, Department of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Puberty is the period of developmental changes from childhood to adulthood and the acquisition of fertility. The time of puberty likely affects future risks such as cancer, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Many evidences point to the role of environmental exposure in changing the time of puberty. This review article was performed with aim to investigate the effect of lead on pubertytime in girls and boys based on the studies performed in this field.
Methods: In this review article, English and Persian articles related to observational studies which were indexed in databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, SID, and Google Scholar during 2000-2018 with different combinations of the keywords of "lead” and "Puberty" were selected from Medical Subject Headings (MESH). From 182 reviewed articles, 12 articled related to the aim were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality of reporting articles according to STROBEchecklist. 
Results: 12 articles were classified in two domains of lead effects on the puberty of girls and boys. The results of most studies showed that there was a statistically significant association between blood lead levels in girls, especially high levels, with delayed appearance of menarche, development of breast and growth of pubic hair. In boys, there was a statistically significant association between blood lead levels, especially high levels, with a delay in the process of puberty, including increased testicular mass and growth of pubic hair.
Conclusion: Lead can affect the natural process of puberty, and especially is effective in delaying puberty of girls and boys.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lead
  • Puberty
  • Puberty delay
  • Puberty precocious
  • Sexual maturation

مراجع

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 22، شماره 10
دی 1398
صفحه 75-85

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