مقایسه الگوی غذایی دوران بارداری در مادران دارای کودک کم وزن و با وزن طبیعی هنگام تولد

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم بهداشتی در تغذیه، مرکز تحقیقات رشد کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی تغذیه، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه تغذیه، مرکز تحقیقات رشد کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران. دانشیار گروه تغذیه، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات رشد کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: کم‌وزنی هنگام تولد (وزن کمتر از 2500 گرم)، یکی از عوامل مهم در مرگ‌و‌میر نوزادان در مشکلات بهداشتی مهم است. دریافت ناکافی مواد غذایی سالم در دوران بارداری می‌تواند بر سلامت جنین اثر بگذارد و الگوی غذایی نامناسب، عاملی برای خطر تولد نوزاد کم وزن است. با توجه به اهمیت سلامت کودکان، مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه الگوی غذایی دوران بارداری مادران دارای کودک کم وزن و با وزن طبیعی هنگام تولد در جنوب شهر تهران انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مورد شاهدی در سال 1394 بر روی 262 نفر از مادران سالم مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز جنوب شهر تهران که در سه ماه نزدیک به زمان انجام مطالعه کودک خود را به دنیا آورده بودند، انجام شد. اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی و الگوی غذایی با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه جمع‌‌آوری گردید. الگوهای غذایی بر اساس داده‌های موجود با روش تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی تعیین شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 22) و آزمون‌های تی مستقل و کای دو انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج، میزان کم‌وزنی هنگام تولد در مادرانی که الگوی غذایی ناسالم داشتند بیشتر بود. ارتباط معنا‌داری بین وزن هنگام تولد نوزاد با تحصیلات و شغل و الگوی غذایی سالم مادر مشاهده شد (05/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: پیروی از الگوی غذایی سالم در دوران بارداری بر نتایج بارداری اثر مثبتی می‌گذارد و موجب کاهش کم‌وزنی هنگام تولد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy in the Mothers of the Infants with Low Birth Weight and Normal Weight

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Ahmadi Taheri 1
  • Amir Hossein Ramazani Ahmadi 2
  • Maryam Javadi 3
  • Ameneh Barikani 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Health Sciences in Nutrition, Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
2 PhD Candidate in Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 grams) is a significant contributing factor to infant mortality. Inadequate intake of healthy food during pregnancy could adversely affect the growth and health of the fetus, and unhealthy dietary patterns during pregnancy are among the main risk factors in LBW. Given the importance of children's health, the present study aimed to compare the dietary patterns during pregnancy in the mothers of the infants with LBW and normal weight in the south of Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2015 on 262 healthy mothers referring to a health center in the south of Tehran, Iran. The participants had given birth within the past three months at the time of the study. Data on the demographic characteristics and dietary patterns of the subjects were collected using a questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using independent sample t-test and Chi-square to evaluate the correlations between the quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The rate of LBW was higher in the mothers with unhealthy dietary patterns during pregnancy. In addition, significant correlations were observed between birth weight and maternal education level, occupation status, and healthy dietary patterns (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, adherence to a healthy diet during pregnancy could have a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes and reducing the risk of LBW.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pregnancy
  • Diet
  • Low birth weight
  1. Hajhashemkhani M, Dalvandi A, Kashaninia Z, Javadi M, Biglarian A. The relationship between family health promoting lifestyle and sleep habits in children 6 to 11 years old. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(127):92-9. (Persian).
  2. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L, Kimiagar M. Dietary pattern analysis: a new approach to identify diet-disease relations. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2007; 2(2):71-80. (Persian).
  3. Alimoradi F, Jalilolghadr S, Javadi A, Barikani A, Javadi M. The relationship between diet group and composition of blood lipids in adolescents. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(125):139-42. (Persian).
  4. Sadeghi F, Miri N, Barikani A, Hossein Rashidi B, Ghasemi Nejad A, Hojaji E, et al. Comparison of food intake, physical activity and weight in infertile and healthy women aged 25-40 years. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(173):31-9. (Persian).
  5. Alimoradi F, Jalilolghadr SH, Shab-bidar S, Javadi A, Javadi M. Evaluation of blood lipids status and its association with body mass index of adolescents in Qazvin. Zanjan Univ Med Sci J 2015; 23(98):122-31. (Persian).
  6. Sharafi SF, Javadi M, Barikani A. Reliability and validity of short food frequency questionnaire among pregnant females. Biotech Health Sci 2016; 3(2):e34608.
  7. Yousefi J, Mirzade M, Tavasoli Askari N. To study the prevalence of LBW and to determine the ratio preterm to IUGR during one year in 22 Bahman Hospital in Mashhad. J Med Sci 2015; 5(1):1-6. (Persian).  
  8. Okubo H, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Murakami K, Hirota Y, et al. Maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and fetal growth in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Br J Nutr 2012; 107(10):1526-33.
  9. Maroufizadeh S, Omani Samani R, Amini P. Reproductive technology and the risk of preterm labor among singleton live-birth in Tehran province, Iran. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2016; 19(33):1-6. (Persian). 
  10. Bahrami Taghanaki H, Hashemian M, Lotfalizadeh M, Noras M. The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and birth weight and some pregnancy outcomes. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2016; 19(30):1-8. (Persian).
  11. Chen X, Zhao D, Mao X, Xia Y, Baker PN, Zhang H. Maternal dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome. Nutrients 2016; 8(6):E351.
  12. Daliri S, Karimi A, Sayehmiri K, Bazyar J, Sayehmiri F. Relationship between some maternal and neonatal factors during previous pregnancies and low birth weight in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta- analysis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2016; 19(31):23-32. (Persian).
  13. Talebian MH, Afrooz GA, Hooman HA, Aghaei A. The relationship between biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of parents and the weight of infant at the time of birth in Isfahan. J Educ Health Promot 2013; 2:43.
  14. Delaram M, Ahmadi A. Prevalence of low birth weight and its related factors in Shahr-e-Kord. J Reprod Fertil 2008; 9(3):263-70. (Persian).
  15. Eghbalian F. Low birth weight causes survey in neonates. Iran J Pediatr 2007; 17(Suppl 1):27-33. (Persian).
  16. Esfahani FH, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Epidemiol 2010; 20(2):150-8.
  17. Azizi H, Asadollahi K, Esmaeili ED, Mirzapoor M. Iranian dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer. Health Promot Perspect 2015; 5(1):72-80.
  18. Pakniat H, Movahed F. Association between body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy with preterm delivery. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2013; 17(3):12-9. (Persian).
  19. Kharazi SS, Peyman N, Esmaily H. Association between maternal health literacy level with pregnancy care and its outcomes. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2017; 19(37):40-50. (Persian).
  20. Sam S, Karimi H, Pourghasem M. Relationship between birth weight and height of infant and some maternal risk factors. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2003; 5(3):29-34. (Persian).
  21. Langley-Evans AJ, Langley-Evans SC. Relationship between maternal nutrient intakes in early and late pregnancy and infants weight and proportions at birth: prospective cohort study. J R Soc Promot Health 2003; 123(4):210-6.
  22. Panahandeh Z. Gestational weight gain and fetal birth weight in rural regions of Rasht/Iran. Iran J Pediatr 2009; 19(1):18-24.
  23. Abubakari A, Jahn A. Maternal dietary patterns and practices and birth weight in Northern Ghana. PLoS One 2016; 11(9):e0162285.
  24. Loy SL, Marhazlina M, Azwany YN, Hamid Jan JM. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables in pregnancy is associated with birth size. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011; 42(5):1214-23.

Mohammadshahi M, Zakerzadeh M, Hashemi S, Haidari F. Dietary patterns in pregnancy and infants' anthropometric parameters at birth. Hayat 2013; 19(1):3-15. (Persian).