بررسی مشخصات فردی و باورهای بهداشتی مرتبط با انجام ماموگرافی غربالگری در زنان 35 سال و بالاتر شاغل در دانشکدههای علوم پزشکی آبادان

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه پرستاری، دانشکده علوم پزشکی آبادان، آبادان، ایران.

2 مربی گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی آبادان، آبادان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: سرطان پستان، بیشترین موارد تشخیصی سرطان در زنان سراسر جهان می­باشد. درمان موفقیت‌آمیز سرطان پستان وابسته به تشخیص زودرس آن می­باشد. ماموگرافی، یک روش استاندارد طلایی برای غربالگری سرطان پستان می­باشد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین مشخصات فردی و باورهای بهداشتی مرتبط با انجام ماموگرافی غربالگری در زنان 35 سال و بالاتر شاغل در دانشکده­های علوم پزشکی دولتی و آزاد شهرستان آبادان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی در سال 1396 بر روی 90 نفر از زنان شاغل دانشکده علوم پزشکی آبادان و دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی آبادان به روش نمونه‌گیری تمام شماری انجام شد. داده‌های مربوط به مطالعه با استفاده از پرسشنامه مشخصات فردی و جمعیت‌شناختی و اعتقادات بهداشتی گردآوری گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 21) و آزمون­های ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و اسپیرمن انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: بین تعداد ماموگرافی انجام شده و حساسیت درک شده و بین میزان تحصیلات همسر و حساسیت درک شده ارتباط معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (003/0=p). میانگین موانع درک شده در کسانی که سابقه سرطان پستان در بستگان درجه یک داشتند، بیشتر از میانگین موانع درک شده در کسانی بود که سابقه سرطان پستان در بستگان درجه یک نداشتند. میانگین حساسیت درک شده در کارکنان با رشته تحصیلی علوم پزشکی بیشتر از میانگین حساسیت درک شده در کارکنان با رشته تحصیلی علوم انسانی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: سطح دانش کم در مورد ماموگرافی، علت اصلی عدم انجام ماموگرافی به میزان کم در بین زنان شاغل در دانشکده­های علوم پزشکی است. بنابراین، می­توان با اجرای برنامه­های آموزشی مدون در سطح گسترده، به افزایش میزان آگاهی در مورد روش‌های غربالگری سرطان پستان پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Demographic Factors and Health Beliefs Associated with Screening Mammography in the Female Employees Aged 35 Years and More in the Schools of Medical Sciences in Abadan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farkhonde Hayati 1
  • Rouhallah Rouhandeh 2
1 Instructor, Department of Nursing, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
2 Instructor, Department of Biostatistics, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis among  women across the world. Successful breast cancer treatment depends on the early diagnosis of the disease. Mammography is a ‘gold standard’ screening method for breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the demographic factors and health beliefs associated with screening mammography in the female employees aged 35 years and more in the state and Azad schools of medical sciences in Abadan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 90 female employees in Abadan School of Medical Sciences and School of Nursing and Midwifery at Islamic Azad University of Abadan in 2017. Participants were selected via census sampling. Data collections tools were demographic and health beliefs questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation-coefficient, and P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Significant associations were observed between the frequency of mammography and perceived sensitivity, as well as the education level of the spouse and perceived sensitivity (P=0.003). Mean perceived barriers in the subjects with a history of breast cancer in the first-degree relatives was higher compared to the perceived barriers in those with no history of breast cancer in their first-degree relatives. Moreover, mean perceived sensitivity was higher in the employees with a degree in medical sciences compared to those educated in humanities.
Conclusion: According to the results, lack of knowledge on mammography was the main cause of the low rate of this screening method among the studied women. Therefore, it is recommended that codified educational programs be implemented in order to raise awareness regarding breast cancer screening.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Health Beliefs
  • Female Employees
  • Breast Cancer
  • Screening Mammography
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