بررسی تأثیر ماساژ نوزاد توسط مادر بر اندوه پس از زایمان در زنان نخست‌زا

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مامایی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 مربی گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت مبتنی بر شواهد، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 استاد گروه آمار، مرکز تحقیقات نوزادان، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه روانشناسی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات روان‌پزشکی و علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: اندوه پس از زایمان از جمله عوارضی است که می‌تواند بر سلامت مادر و چگونگی ارتباط وی با نوزاد و در نتیجه سلامت جسمی و روانی او تأثیر بگذارد، لذا تیم درمان باید مداخلات زودهنگام جهت پیشگیری از اندوه مادران را مورد توجه قرار دهند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر ماساژ نوزاد توسط مادر بر اندوه پس از زایمان در زنان نخست‌زا انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی در سال 1395 بر روی 54 زن نخست‌زا با زایمان طبیعی مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان‌های امام‌رضا (ع) و ام‌البنین (س) مشهد انجام شد. مادران گروه مداخله از روز اول تا دهم بعد از زایمان، روزانه یک مرتبه به مدت 15 دقیقه نوزاد خود را ماساژ می‌دادند. در گروه شاهد هیچ مداخله‌ای صورت نگرفت. سطح اندوه پس از زایمان در روزهای اول، چهارم و دهم بعد از زایمان در هر دو گروه مداخله و کنترل ارزیابی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون‌های من‌ویتنی، تست دقیق فیشر و کای دو انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: در روز اول بعد از زایمان،میانگین نمره اندوه گروه‌ها تفاوت آماری چندانی نداشت (084/0=p)، در حالی‌که میانگین نمره اندوه در روز چهارم (001/0=p) و دهم (034/0=p) بعد از زایمان بین گروه‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت؛ به این معنا که میانگین شدت اندوه در گروه مداخله در روزهای چهارم و دهم پس از زایمان کمتر از گروه کنترل بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: ماساژ نوزاد در کاهش شدت اندوه پس از زایمان مؤثر است. نظر به اینکه ماساژ نوزاد، روشی مفید و بدون هزینه جهت کاهش شدت اندوه مادران است، انجام آن بعد از زایمان به منظور پیشبرد سلامت روانی مادر به مادران توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Infant Massage on Postpartum Blues in Primiparous Women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz kouhestani 1
  • Zahra Abedian 2
  • Habibollah Esmaili 3
  • Negar Asgharpour 4
1 M.Sc. student in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Statistics, School of Health, Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: postpartum blues is a complication which affects mother's health and her relation with newborn and her physical and psychological health. Therefore, health team should consider early interventions to prevent postpartum blues. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of infant massage on postpartum blues in primiparous women.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 54 primiparous women with natural delivery who referred to Mashhad Imam Reza and Omolbanin hospitals in 2016. The mothers in intervention group massaged their newborn 15 minutes daily for 10 days and no intervention was done for control group. Severity of postpartum blues was evaluated on the 1st, 4th and 10th days after birth in case and control groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and using Mann-Whitney, Fisher exact and Chi-square tests.
Results: There was not statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of postpartum blues at 1st day after delivery (P=0.084). While mean of postpartum blues had significant difference in case and control groups on the 4th (P=0.001) and 10th (P=0.034) after delivery, meaning that mean of postpartum blues on the 4th and 10th after delivery was lower in case group than control group.
Conclusion: The infant massage was effective for decreasing postpartum blues severity. Since infant massage it is useful and cost free method to decrease postpartum blues, it is recommended to mothers that perform it after delivery to improve maternal psychological health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Infant
  • Massage
  • Mood disorders
  • Postpartum Depression
  • Puerperal disorders
  1. Dunkel Schetter C. Psychological science on pregnancy: stress processes, biopsychosocial models, and emerging research issues. Annu Rev Psychol 2011; 62:531–58.
  2. O'Hara M, Wisner KL. Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 28(1):3-12
  3. McGarry J, Kim H, Sheng X, Egger M, Baksh L. Postpartum depression and help-seeking behavior. J Midwifery Womens Health 2009; 54(1):50-6.
  4. Adewuya AO. The maternity blues in Western Nigerian women: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193(4):1522-5.
  5. Reck C, Stehle E, Reinig K, Mundt C. Maternity blues as a predictor of DSM-IV depression and anxiety disorders in the first three months postpartum. J Affect Disord 2009; 113(1):77-87.
  6. Sakumoto K, Masamoto H, Kanazawa K. Post-partum maternity ‘blues’ as a reflection of newborn nursing care in Japan. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 78(1):25-30
  7. Henshaw C. Mood disturbance in the early puerperium: a review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2003; 6(Suppl 2):S33-42.
  8. Cuningham FG, Leveno KJ, Hauth JC, Gilstrap L, Wenstrom KD. Williams obstetrics. 22nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2010. P. 655.
  9. Varney H, Kriebs JM, Jeger KL. Varney's midwifery. 4th ed. Boston: Jones and Barttett Pub; 2004. P. 430.
  10. Ferber SG, Makhoul IR. The effect of skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) shortly after birth on the neurobehavioral responses of the term newborn: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2004; 113(4):858-65.
  11. Nagata M, Nagai Y, Sobajima H, Ando T, Honjo S. Depression in the mother and maternal attachment results from a follow up study at 1 years postpartum. Psychopathology 2003; 36(3):142-51.
  12. Marcus SM, Heringhausen JE. Depression in childbearing women: when depression complicates pregnancy. Prim Care 2009; 36(1):151-65.
  13. Edhborg M. Postpartum depressive symptoms in a family perspective: some indicators, experiences and consequences. Geneva: Department of Women's and Children's Health; 2004. P. 12.
  14. Tafazoli M, Bagheri M, Boskabadi H, Setayesh Y. The Comparative Study of the Impact of Antenatal Training Care Infants to Fathers and Couple on the Fathers' Participations after Birth. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2013; 1(1):31-38.
  15. Saatsaz S, Rezaei R, Sharifnia H, Kheirkhah F, Moulookzadeh S, Haji Hosseini F. Effect of mother and newborn skin to skin contact on postpartum blues. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2011; 13(3):59-65.
  16. Glover V, Onozawa K, Hodgkinson A. Benefits of infant massage for mothers with postnatal depression. Seminars Neonatol 2002; 7(6):495-500.
  17. Alden KR, Lowdermilk DL, Cashion MC, Perry SE. Maternity and women's health care. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
  18. Roberts ISJ, Glover V. Postnatal depression and mother and infant outcomes after infant massage. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2008;109(1):189-92.
  19. Gürol A, Polat S. The effects of baby massage on attachment between mother and their infants. Asian nursing research. 2012;6(1):35-41.
  20. Ferber SG, Feldman R, Kohelet D, Kuint J, Dollberg S, Arbel E, et al. Massage therapy facilitates mother–infant interaction in premature infants. Infant Behavior and Development. 2005;28(1):74-81.
  21. Milgrom J, Newnham C, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW, Gemmill AW, Lee K, et al. Early sensitivity training for parents of preterm infants: impact on the developing brain. Pediatric research. 2010;67(3):330-5.
  22. Abasi z, Abedian z. how to reduct pain labor by massage. first ed. mashhad: zareh Aftab 2007 [in persian]
  23. McGrath JM. Touch and massage in the newborn period: Effects on biomarkers and brain development. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing. 2009;23(4):304-6.
  24. Mainous RO. Infant massage as a component of developmental care: past, present, and future. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2002;17(1):1-7.
  25. Instruction for Infant Massage, 2015. International Association of Infant Massage. Available at: URL: http://www.iaim.net; 2016.
  26. Saeidi R, Tafazoli M, Gholami Robatsangi M. Kangaroo mother care for infantile colic: a randomized clinical trial. Tehran Univ Med J. 2010; 67 (12):870-87
  27. Feijo L, Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, Burns W, Valley-Gray S, Simco E. Mothers’ depressed mood and anxiety levels are reduced after massaging their preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev 2006; 29(3):476–80.
  28. Ahmadi Kani Golzar A GZ. Validation of Edinburg postpartum depression Scale(EPDS) for Screenng postpartum depression in Iran. Jpsychiatric Nursing. 2015;3(11):10-9 [in persian]
  29. 29.Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British journal of clinical psychology. 2005;44(2):227-39
  30. Ohigginns M, St James Roberts I, Glover V. Postnatal depression and mother and infant outcomes after ifant massage. J Affect Disord 2008; 109(1-2):189-92.
  31. Nematbakhsh F. The effect of mother and newborn skin to skin contact on postpartum blues after cesarean. J Fundament Ment Health 2004; 6(23-24):89-98. (Persian).
  32. Abbasyan Azar F, Ahmadi M, Shams J, Abadi A. Effect of Kangaroo mother care on postpartum depression. Adv Nurs Midwifery 2013; 23(80):74-83.
  33. Nagafii G. The effect of foot massage on the physiological responses of women with cancer. Iranian Journal of Nursing. 2004;36(16):16-21.