ارتباط پیکای دوران بارداری با وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوار

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی سیاست‌های غذا و تغذیه، دانشکده تغذیه و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی ، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد علوم بهداشتی در تغذیه، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

3 کارشناس علوم تغذیه، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: پیکا نوعی اختلال خوردن به معنی اشتیاق و تمایل به خوردن مداوم مواد غیرغذایی، از قبیل خاک یا گچ (ژئوفاژی)، ذرت یا نشاسته خام (آمیلوفاژی) و یخ یا برفک یخچال (پاگوفاژی) می‌باشد. مصرف مواد غیرغذایی می‌تواند تأثیر نامطلوبی بر مادر و جنین داشته باشد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط پیکای دوران بارداری با امنیت غذایی خانوار انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 1393 بر روی 300 زن زایمان کرده مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی غرب تهران انجام شد. افراد به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند و تعداد نمونه‌ها از هر مرکز بر حسب تعداد مراجعان آن مرکز مشخص شد. برای گردآوری داده‌ها نیز، علاوه بر چک لیست مشخصات فردی و پیکا، پرسشنامه امنیت غذایی USDA مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 16) وروش‌های آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی کای اسکوئر، آزمون تی‌مستقل و رگرسیون لوجستیک انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: شیوع پیکا در مطالعه حاضر، 33/8% به‌دست آمد و بین پیکای دوران بارداری و وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوار ارتباط معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین ارتباطی بین پیکای دوران بارداری و وضعیت اشتغال پدر و مادر و مصرف منظم مکمل آهن و اسید فولیک قبل از بارداری مشاهده نشد. اما پیکا با مصرف منظم مکمل آهن در بارداری (001/0=p) و میزان تحصیلات مادران ارتباط معنی‌داری داشت (011/0=p).
نتیجه‌گیری: در مطالعه حاضر، ارتباطی بین پیکای دوران بارداری و وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوار مشاهده نشد. انجام مطالعات بیشتر توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The association between pica during pregnancy and household food security status

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Ezzeddin 1
  • Elham Hojaji 2
  • Hanieh Velayati 3
  • Shaghayegh Shabani Noosh Abadi 3
1 Ph.D student of Food and Nutrition Policy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc. in Health Sciences in Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
3 B.C. in Food Sciences, Faculty of Food Technology Sciences and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Pica is an eating disorder characterized by persistent ingestion of non-nutrition substances including: soil or clay (Geophagia), corn or laundry starch (Amylophagia) and ice or freezer frost (Pagophagia). Ingestion of some non-food substances during pregnancy may lead to serious implications for mother and fetus health. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the association between pica during pregnancy and household food security.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 women who had delivered and referred to the health centers in the west of Tehran in 2014. The subjects were selected by stratified sampling method and the number of samples for each center was determined according to the referees. In addition to the checklist of demographic characteristics and pica data, the USDA questionnaire was also used. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and descriptive and analytic analyses of Chi-square, T- test and logistic regression. PResults: The prevalence of pica in this study was 8.33% and there was no significant association between pica during pregnancy and household food security status. Also, no association was found between pica during pregnancy and paternal and maternal employment status and regular iron and folic acid supplementation before pregnancy. But, there was significant association between pica and regular iron supplementation during pregnancy (P=0.001) and educational status of mothers (P=0.011).
Conclusions: In this study, no significant association was observed between pica during pregnancy and household food security; performing more studies are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Food security
  • Pica
  • pregnancy
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