بررسی ارتباط میزان پروتئین پلاسمایی A مرتبط با بارداری (PAPP-A) با دیابت بارداری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 PHD، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دکترای علوم آزمایشگاهی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: دیابت شایع‌ترین عارضه طبی در بارداری می‌باشد که اثرات نامطلوبی روی مادر و نتایج جنینی و نوزادی دارد. دیابت بارداری در 5-3% بارداری‌ها اتفاق می‌افتد. تشخیص زودهنگام دیابت بارداری می‌تواند از بروز این عوارض جلوگیری کند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین میزان پروتئین پلاسمایی A مرتبط با بارداری (PAPP-A) با دیابت بارداری به منظور تشخیص یک عامل خطر جهت پیشگویی دیابت بارداری انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه تحلیلی آینده‌نگر از بهمن ماه سال 1394 تا مهر ماه سال 1395 بر روی 250 زن باردار مراجعه‌کننده به 6 مرکز بهداشتی قزوین انجام شد. در سن 14-11 هفته میزان PAPP-A اندازه‌گیری شد و سپس در هفته 28-24 تست تحمل گلوکز خوراکی 75 گرمی بر روی نمونه‌ها انجام شد و ارتباط بین PAPP-A و دیابت بارداری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 21) و آزمون‌های کای دو، تی تست من ویتنی، خطر نسبی و رگرسیون لوجستیک انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: 24 نفر (8/30%) از افراد با کاهش میزان PAPP-A و 15 نفر (7/8%) از افراد با میزان طبیعیPAPP-A  به دیابت بارداری مبتلا شدند. بر اساس آزمون کای دو، بین دو گروه از نظر ابتلاء به دیابت بارداری تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری وجود داشت (001/0>p) و خطر ابتلاء به دیابت بارداری در گروه با کاهش PAPP-A 90/3 برابر بیشتر از گروه کنترل بود (001/0>p، 14/8-87/1=(CI
نتیجه‌گیری: پایین بودن میزان PAPP-A در سن 11-14 هفته می‌تواند به عنوان یک عامل خطر احتمالی در بروز دیابت بارداری باشد، بنابراین می‌تواند به عنوان یک تست تشخیصی زودهنگام جهت پیشگیری از عوارض نامطلوب جنینی و مادری به‌کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Association of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and Gestational Diabetes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Ramezani 1
  • Mahboubeh Ahmadi 2
  • Hamid Saqhafi 3
  • Mahmood Alipoor 4
1 M.Sc. student of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 PHD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 PHD of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
4 Assistant professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common medical complication during pregnancy that negatively affects the health of mother and fetus and neonate. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs in 3-5% of pregnancies. Early detection of gestational diabetes can prevent of these complications. This study was performed with aim to determine the association between pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and gestational diabetes to detect a risk factor for predicting gestational diabetes.
Methods: This prospective analytical study was performed on 250 pregnant women referring to six healthcare centers of Qazvin from February to October 2016. PAPP-A was measured at 11-14 gestational weeks, then 75 gr glucose tolerance test was performed on the samples at 24-27 gestational weeks. The association between gestational diabetes and PAPP-A was studied. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney, relative risk, and logistic regression. PResults: Twenty-four subjects (30.8%) of patients with decreased PAPPA and 15 (8.7%) of patients with normal PAPP-A were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Chi-square test showed significant difference between two groups based in terms of gestational diabetes (P<0.001). The risk of gestational diabetes in the patients with decreased PAPP-A was 3.90 times more than control group (CI=1.87-8.14, P<0.001)
Conclusion: Low level of PAPP-A at gestation weeks of 11-14 can be a possible risk factor for the incidence of gestational diabetes. Therefore, it can be used as an early detection test for preventing the fetal and maternal adverse effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gestational diabetes
  • Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A
  • pregnancy
  1. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; 38(Suppl 1):S11-24.
  2. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY, Dashe J. Williams obstetrics. 24th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
  3. del Rosario-Capellan ML, Carlos-Raboca J, Litonjua AD. Total sialic acid and other inflammatory markers as predictors of gestational diabetes. Philos J Intern Med 2009; 47:11-7.
  4. Baptiste-Roberts K, Barone BB, Gary TL, Golden SH, Wilson LM, Bass EB, et al. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Am J Med 2009; 122(3):207-14.
  5. Kariman N, Ahi Z, Zahedi S, Majd AH. Relationship between maternal serum C-reactive protein concentration and gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2013; 5:17.
  6. Reece EA. The fetal and maternal consequences of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23(3):199-203.
  7. Coustan DR, Lowe LP, Metzger BE, Dyer AR. The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study: paving the way for new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202(6):654.e1-6.
  8. Protocol of screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Available at: URL: health.behdasht.gov.ir; 2013.
  9. Beneventi F, Simonetta M, Lovati E, Albonico G, Tinelli C, Locatelli E, et al. First trimester pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A in pregnancies complicated by subsequent gestational diabetes. Prenatal Diagn 2011; 31(6):523-8.
  10. Beneventi F, Simonetta M, Locatelli E, Cavagnoli C, Badulli C, Lovati E, et al. Temporal variation in soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G (sHLA‐G) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and in controls. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72(4):413-21.
  11. Huynh L, Kingdom J, Akhtar S. Low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A level in the first trimester. Can Fam Physician 2014; 60(10):899-903.
  12. Lovati E, Beneventi F, Simonetta M, Laneri M, Quarleri L, Scudeller L, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus: including serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A testing in the clinical management of primiparous women? A case–control study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100(3):340-7.
  13. Giudice I, Benintende G, Di Nicolò AM, Mangiameli D, Carrara G, Randazzo C, et al. Correlation of neonatal weight with maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A during the first trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective study. J Perinat Med 2015; 43(2):227-32.
  14. Ledesma AM, Yuste MG, Bújez AR, Valentín RL, Soto BG, Arévalo YP, et al. Low maternal serum PAPP-A levels in the first trimester of gestation and the risk of gestational diabetes. 18th World Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility (COGI), Vienna, Austria; 2014. P. 183.
  15. Schaas C, Titianu M, Visinari R, Berescu A, Carp A, Onofriescu M. P06. 12: PAPP‐A—a marker for gestational diabetes? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40(S1):192.
  16. Husslein H, Lausegger F, Leipold H, Worda C. Association between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and gestational diabetes requiring insulin treatment at 11–14 weeks of gestation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25(11):2230-3.
  17. SpencerK, Cicero S, Atzei A, Otigbah C, Nicolaides KH. The influence of maternal insulin‐dependent diabetes on fetal nuchal translucency thickness and first‐trimester maternal serum biochemical markers of aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25(10):927-9.
  18. Mohammadi K, Mallekafzali V. Statistical method and health index. Tehran, Iran: Dariche; 2015. (Persian).
  19. Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Baer RJ, Currier RJ, Lyell DJ, Blumenfeld YJ, El-Sayed YY, et al. Early-onset severe preeclampsia by first trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and total human chorionic gonadotropin. Am J Perinatol 2015; 32(7):703-12.
  20. Spencer K, Cowans NJ, Avgidou K, Molina F, Nicolaides KH. First‐trimester biochemical markers of aneuploidy and the prediction of small‐for‐gestational age fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31(1):15-9.
  21. Spencer K, Cowans NJ, Molina F, Kagan KO, Nicolaides KH. First‐trimester ultrasound and biochemical markers of aneuploidy and the prediction of preterm or early preterm delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31(2):147-52.
  22. Ong CY, Liao AW, Spencer K, Munim S, Nicolaides KH. First trimester maternal serum free β human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG 2000; 107(10):1265-70.
  23. Iversen KK, Dalsgaard M, Teisner AS, Schoos M, Teisner B, Nielsen H, et al. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, a marker for outcome in patients suspected for acute coronary syndrome. Clin Biochem 2010; 43(10-11):851-7.
  24. Pellitero S, Reverter JL, Pizarro E, Pastor MC, Granada ML, Tàssies D, et al. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a levels are related to glycemic control but not to lipid profile or hemostatic parameters in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(12):3083-5.
  25. Savvidou MD, Syngelaki A, Muhaisen M, Emelyanenko E, Nicolaides KH. First trimester maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. BJOG 2012; 119(4):410-6.
  26. Nanda S, Savvidou M, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11 to 13 weeks. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31(2):135-41.
  27. Teede HJ, Harrison CL, Teh WT, Paul E, Allan CA. Gestational diabetes: development of an early risk prediction tool to facilitate opportunities for prevention. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 51(6):499-504.