بررسی تأثیر آموزش بر اساس مدل اعتقادی بهداشتی بر رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از بارداری ناخواسته

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش سلامت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زرندیه، زرندیه، ایران

2 ستادیار گروه آموزش سالمت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه بهداشت روان، پژوهشکده علوم بهداشتی جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار گروه آموزش سالمت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تقریباً تمام زنان در سنین باروری در معرض خطر بارداری ناخواسته هستند و کاهش میزان بارداری های
ناخواسته یکی از اولویت های کاری کارکنان بهداشتی است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر آموزش بر اساس مدل
اعتقاد بهداشتی بر رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از بارداری ناخواسته در زنان دارای بارداری پر خطر قبلی زرندیه انجام شد.
روشکار: این مطالعه مداخله ای شاهددار در سال 1311 بر روی 17 زن 11-41 ساله شوهردار و تحت پوشش مرکز
بهداشت زرندیه انجام شد. نمونه گیری به روش چند مرحله ای تصادفی انجام شد و 44 نفر در گروه آزمون و 41 نفر
در گروه شاهد قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه طراحی شده بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی بود که پس
از انجام روایی و پایایی، در اختیار افراد قرار گرفت. بر اساس اطالعات به دست آمده از پیش آزمون، برنامه آموزشی
طراحی و برای گروه آزمون اجرا شد. سه ماه بعد از مداخله، ارزیابی ثانویه با استفاده از همان پرسشنامه اولیه انجام و
اطالعات گردآوری شده با آزمون های آماری تی مستقل، تی زوجی و کای دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. میزان
p کمتر از 1/11 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافتهها: میانگین نمره آگاهی، رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از بارداری ناخواسته و تمام اجزاء مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی قبل از
مداخله آموزشی در حد متوسط بود، ولی پس از مداخله آموزشی بین دو گروه آزمون و کنترل در همه متغیرهای ذکر
شده به جز موانع درک شده اختالف معنی داری مشاهده شد )p>1/11(. همچنین میزان استفاده از روش منقطع در
گروه آزمون از 41% به 1/51% کاهش یافت.
نتیجهگیری: برنامه آموزش بهداشت طراحی شده بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی برر رفتارهرای پیشرگیری کننرده از
بارداری ناخواسته در زنان مورد مطالعه تأثیر مثبتی داشت و می تواند نقش مرثثری در کراهش میرزان برروز برارداری
ناخواسته داشته باشد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Training Based on Health Belief Model on Preventive Behaviors of Unwanted Pregnancy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Karimi 1
  • Iraj Zareban 2
  • Ali Montazeri 3
  • Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Zarandieh Islamic Azad University, Zarandieh, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Mental Health, Iranian Institute of Health Sciences Research, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Almost all active women of reproductive age are at risk of unwanted pregnancy, reducing the rate of which is recognized as a priority for health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Health Education Program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy among Women with history of previous high risk pregnancy in Zarandieh.
Methods: This case-control research was carried out on 97 married women of age 15 to 49 who were admitted at health center of Zarandieh. A random multiple-stage sampling was used and divided into 48 subjects as case group and 49 subjects as control group. A questionnaire based on HBM was prepared whose validity and reliability was approved and given to samples. Based on the data achieved from the pre-test, an educational program was designed and applied on the case group. Three months after intervention, a second evaluation was conducted by the same questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using t-test،paired t-test and chi-square.P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Results showed that before training intervention, the mean score of knowledge, preventive behaviors, and all constructs of HBM were more than mediate. After training intervention, significant difference was observed in all variables of both groups (p<0.05). Also, rate of case group's using coitus interrupt was decreased from 40% to 9.65%.
Conclusion: Health education program designed based on Health Belief Model has had a positive effect on the preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy and may have an effective role on decreasing unwanted pregnancy incidence rate in women’s.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Health belief model
  • Health education program
  • Unwanted pregnancy
  • Women
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