مروری بر روش های مؤثر بر کاهش آسیب به پرینه طی زایمان و بهبود آن

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: اپی زیاتومی به معنای برش عضلات پرینه در مرحله دوم زایمان با هدف وسیع کردن دهانه خروجی لگن و افزایش سرعت خروج سر جنین و شایع ترین برش جراحی در مامایی است. امروزه از روش های غیردارویی مختلفی در زمان بارداری و حین زایمان جهت کاهش نیاز به اپی زیاتومی و بعد از زایمان جهت کاهش درد و ترمیم زود هنگام آن استفاده می شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مروری بر تعدادی از این روش ها انجام شد.
روش کار: در این مطالعه از تمام کارآزمایی های بالینی انجام شده در مورد روش های کاهش نیاز به اپی زیاتومی و بهبود سریع و کاهش درد آن تا دی 1393 استفاده شد. برای دستیابی به اطلاعات لازم از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Sciencedirect، googlescholar، SID و IranMedex استفاده شد. در مجموع 20 مطالعه بر اساس معیار جداد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که از میان آن ها 17 مقاله ایرانی و 3 مقاله خارجی بود.
یافته ها: بررسی ها نشان داد اکثر روش های کاهش نیاز به اپی زیاتومی (ماساژ پرینه، ورزش های کگل و ...) که در دوران بارداری و حین زایمان صورت گرفته و نیز گیاهان دارویی (آلوئه ورا، زردچوبه، اسطوخودوس، گل همیشه بهار، آناناس، بابونه و ..) که بعد از اپی زیاتومی جهت بهبود زخم و کاهش درد مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، مؤثر بوده است، ولی در مجموع برای شناخت بهتر این گیاهان و عوارض احتمالی آن ها مطالعات بیشتری لازم است.
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی اکثر روش های استفاده شده برای کاهش نیاز به اپی زیاتومی و بهبود آن مؤثر بوده، ولی باید مطالعات بیشتری برای شناخت عوارض احتمالی آن ها انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of effective methods to reduce damage to the perineum during delivery and its recovery

نویسنده [English]

  • Zohre Ahmadi
Instructor of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Episiotomy means cutting the muscles of perineum during the second stage of labor to widen pelvic outlet and speed up the withdrawal of the fetal head; it is the most common surgical incision in midwifery. Today, a variety of non-pharmacological methods during pregnancy and labor are used to reduce need for episiotomy and after delivery for pain reduction and early recovery. This study was performed with aim to review some of these approaches.
Methods: In this study, all clinical trials which have been conducted to reduce the need for episiotomy and quick recovery and pain reduction after that until 2014 were used. To obtain the necessary information, the databases of PubMed, Sciencedirect, googlescholar, SID and Iranmedex were used. A total of 20 studies were evaluated based on the Jadad criteria and among them, there were 17 Iranian paper and 3 English articles.
Results: The results showed that the majority of methods used during pregnancy and childbirth for reducing the need to episiotomy (perineal massage, Kegel exercises, etc.), as well as medicinal plants (Aloe vera, turmeric, lavender, marigold, pineapple, chamomile, etc.) used after episiotomy for wound healing and reducing pain are effective, but generally, further studies are needed for better understanding of these plants and their possible complications.
Conclusion: In general, most of the methods used to reduce the need for episiotomy and improve healing are effective, but more studies should be performed for better understanding of their possible complications. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Episiotomy
  • Reducing pain
  • Healing
  • Medicinal herbs

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 18، شماره 156,155
هفته اول و دوم مرداد ماه 1394
مرداد 1394
صفحه 19-30

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