مقایسه طرحواره های ناسازگار اولیه و سبک های دلبستگی در زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس و زنان عادی

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تربت جام، تربت جام، ایران.

2 استادیار روان شناسی بالینی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات اعتیاد وعلوم رفتاری، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و سبک‌های دلبستگی ناایمن زیربنای بسیاری از اختلالات روانشناختی هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و سبک‌های دلبستگی در زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس و مقایسه آن با زنان عادی انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه علمی- مقایسه‌ای در سال 1393 بر روی دو گروه 30 نفری (گروه زنان عادی و گروه زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس) انجام شد. زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از طریق ارجاع توسط متخصصان زنان و زایمان، روان پزشکان و روان شناسان شهر تهران انتخاب شدند و با زنان عادی که از نظر متغیرهای سن و تحصیلات با گروه اول همتا شدند، مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه طرحواره‌های ناسازگاراولیه یانگ- فرم کوتاه و مقیاس سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسالان کولینز و رید انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS (نسخه 20) و آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین نمرات تمام طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس به طور معناداری از میانگین نمرات افراد عادی در این مؤلفه‌ها بیشتر بود (01/0>p). سبک دلبستگی دو گروه در زیرمقیاس نزدیکی و اضطرابی تفاوت معناداری داشت (01/0>p)؛ به طوری که زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس در مقایسه با زنان عادی به طور معناداری از سبک دلبستگی اضطرابی بیشتر و از سبک دلبستگی نزدیکی کمتر استفاده می کردند. در سبک دلبستگی وابستگی دو گروه تفاوت معناداری نداشتند (1/0=p).
نتیجه‌گیری: زنان مبتلا به واژینیسموس در مقایسه با زنان عادی دارای طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه بیشتر و سبک دلبستگی اضطرابی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and normal women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Hamidi 1
  • Hossein Shareh 2
  • Seyed Kaveh Hojjat 3
1 M.Sc. of Psychology, School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Torbate Jam Branch, Torbate Jam, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Literature and Human Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research center, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment styles are the basis of many psychological disorders. This study was performed with aim to identify the early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and comparing with normal women.
Methods: This scientific-comparative study was performed on two 30 cases groups (women with vaginismus and normal women) in 2014. Women with vaginismus were selected by convenience and purposeful sampling method by referring from gynecologist, psychiatrists and psychologists in Tehran, and were compared with normal women who were matched with first group in term of age and education. Data collection was performed by Young Schema Questionnaire- short form (YSQ-SF) and Collins and Read Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and multiple variance analyses (MANOVA). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean score of all early maladaptive schemas in women with vaginismus was significantly more than normal women (P<0.01). Attachment styles of two groups were significantly different in terms of closeness and anxiety (P<0.01). So that, the women vaginismus significantly more used the anxiety style and less used closeness style than normal women. There was no significant difference between two groups in dependent attachment style (P=0.1).
Conclusion: The women with vaginismus had more early maladaptive schemas and anxiety attachment style comparing to normal women.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attachment styles, Early maladaptive schema, Sexual disorder,s
  • Vaginismus

مراجع

  1. Karimi A, Dadgar S, Afiat M, Rahimi N. The Effect of Sexual Health Education on Couples’ Sexual Satisfaction. Iran J Obstet, Gynecol & Infert. 2013; 15(42):23-30
  2. Foroutan SK, Jadid MiLani M. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among divorce requested. J Daneshvar Med. 2008; 16(78):37-42.[In Persian]
  3. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, Hayes RD, Lauman EO, Moreira ED Jr, et al. Definitions/epidemiology/risk factors for sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010; 7(4 Pt 2):1598–607.
  4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
  5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  6. Hayens RD, Bennett CM, Fairley CK, Dennerstein L. What can prevalence studies tell us about female sexual difficulty and dysfunction? J Sex Med. 2006; 3(4):589–95
  7. Oniz A, Keskinoglu P, Bezircioglu I. The prevalence and causes of sexual problems among pre- menopausal Turkish women. J Sex Med. 2007; 4(6):1575-81
  8. Reissing ED, Binik YM, Khalife S. Does vaginismus exist? A critical review of the literature. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999; 187(5):261-74.
  9. Nusbaum MR, Gamble G, Skinner B, Heiman J. The high prevalence of sexual concerns among women seeking routine gynecological care. J Fam Pract. 2000; 49(3):229–32
  10. Badran W, Moamen N, Fahmy I, El-Karaksy A, Abdel-Nasser TM, Ghanem H. Etiological factors of unconsummated marriage. Int J Impot Res. 2006; 18(5):458–63.
  11. El-Meliegy A. A retrospective study of 418 patients with honeymoon impotence in an andrology clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Europ J Sexol; Sexologies. 2004; 13(47):1–4.
  12. Michetti P, Silvaggi M, Fabrizi A, Tartaglia N, Rossi R, Simonelli C. Unconsummated marriage: can it still be considered a consequence of vaginismus&quest. International journal of impotence research. 2014;26(1):28-30.
  13. Ward E, Ogden S. Experiencing vaginismus–sufferer beliefs about causes and effects. J Sex & Marit Ther. 1994; 9(1):33–45.
  14. Davis D, Shaver PR, Vernon M.L. Attachment styles and subjective motivation for sex. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004; 30(8):1076-90.
  15. Feeney JA, Noller P. Attachment and sexuality in close relationships. The handbook of sexuality in close relationships. 2004:183-201.
  16. Feeney JA, Peterson C, Gallois C, Terry DJ. Attachment styles as a predictor of sexual attitudes and behavior in late adolescence. Psychol Health. 2000; 14(6):1105-22.
  17. Ainsworth MDS, Bleher MC, Waters E, Wall S. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. New York: Erlbaum; 1978.
  18. Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York: Guilford Press; 2010.
  19. Freud S. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Translated by James Strachey. West Midlands: Avon; 1962.
  20. Hazan C, Shaver P. Attachment as an organizational framework for research on cloes relationships. Psychol Inq. 1994; 5(1):1-22.
  21. Bernnan K, Clark CL, Shaver PR. Self–report measurement of adult attachment. An integrative overview. Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.pp.46-76.
  22. Davis D, Shaver PR, Vernon ML. Physical, emotional, and behavior reaction to breaking up: the role of gender, age, emotional involvement, and attachment style. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2003; 29(7):871-84.
  23. Granot M, Zisman–Ilani Y, Ram E, Goldstiek O, Yovell Y. Characteristics of attachment style in women with dyspareunia. J Sex Marital Ther. 2010; 37(1):1-16.
  24. Gosta RM, Brody S. Anxious and avoidant attachment, vibratoruse, anal sexand impaired vaginal orgasm. J Sex Med. 2011; 8(9):2493–500.
  25. Zahedian SF, Mohammadi M, Samani S. The Role of attachment styles, parental bonding and self concept in sexual addiction. Clin Psychol. 2011; 3(3):65-73.[In Persian]
  26. Haghighat Manesh E, Agha Mohammadian Shaer Baf H, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi B, Mahram B. The investigation of adult rapists' attachment styles and its domains compared to non rapists. Edu & Psychol Studies. 2010; 11(1):279-96
  27. Moshtagh N, Teimourpour N, Pourshahbaz A. The Relationship between attachment styles, marital satisfaction and sex guilt with sexual desire in Iranian women. Iran J Clin Psychol. 2012; 1(1):18-28.[In Persian]
  28. Young, J.E. Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach (Practitioner's Resource Series). 3rd ed. Sarasota: Professional Resource Exchange; 1999.
  29. Dozois DJ, Bieling PJ, Evraire LE, Patelis-Siotis I, Hoar L, Chudzik S, et al. Changes in Core Beliefs (Early Maladaptive Schemas) and Self-Representation in Cognitive Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. 2014;7(3):217-34.
  30. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema Therapy: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.
  31. Young JE. Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema–Focused Approach. 3rd ed. Sarasota: Professional Resource Exchange; 1999.
  32. Swirtzer L. Early maladaptive schemas predict risky sexual behaviors. Doctoral Dissertation.Mississippi State University. Department of Psychology. 2006. http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9424784.
  33. Quinta Gomes AL, Nobre P. Early maladaptive schemas and sexual dysfunction in men. Arch Sex Behave. 2012; 41(1):311-20.
  34. Haghighat Manesh E, Agha Mohammadian Shaer Baf HR, Ali Ghanbari Hashem Abadi B, Mahram B. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Domains in Rapists. Iran J Psychiat & Clin Psychol. 2010; 16(2):145-153.[In Persian]
  35. Abolghasemi A, Kiamarsia A. Early maladaptive schemas in women with sexual dysfunctions and normal women. Middle-East J Scie Res. 2012; 12(9):1245-49.
  36. Oliveira C, Nobre PJ. Cognitive structures in women with sexual dysfunction: The role of early maladaptive schemas. J Sex Med. 2013; 10(7):1755-63.
  37. Roemmele M, Messman-Moore TL. Child abuse, early maladaptive schemas, and risky sexual behavior in collage women. J Child Sex Abus. 2011; 20(3):264–83.
  38. Young J. Young schema Questionnaire short form. Available from: http // home sprynet. Com/ sprynet / schema / Ysqsf. htm. 1998.
  39. Schmidt NB, Joiner TE, Young JE, Telch MJ. The schema questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cogn Ther & Res. 1995; 19(3):295-321.
  40. Baranoff S, Oei TP. Young Schema Questionnaire: Review of psychometric and measurement issues. Australian J Psychol. 2007; 59(2).
  41. LachenaL-Chevallet K, Mauchand p, Cottraux J, Bouvard M, Martin R. Factor analysis of the schema questionnaire– short form in a nonclinical sample. J Cogn Psychother. 2006; 20(3):311-8.
  42. khater M, EL Gilany AH, EL-Belsha M, Abdel-Moneim A. Reliability of the Arabic version of the Young Schema Questionnaire short-form among orphanage residents. J Psychiat & Alzheimer. 2011; 2(1):3-7.
  43. Sadooghi, Z., Aguilar-Vafaie ME, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaie SK, Esfehanian N. Factor analysis of the Young Schema Questionnaire- Short Form in a nonclinical Iranian sample. Iran J Psychiat & Clin Psychol. 2008; 14(2):214-9.[In Persian]
  44. Collins NL, Read SJ. Adult attachment working models an relationship quality in dating couples. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990; 58(4):644–63.
  45. Collins NL. Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1996;71(4):810.
  46. Feeney J, Noller P.Adult attachment. Vol 14.California: Sage Publications; 1996.
  47. Collins NL, Read SJ. Cognitive representations of attachment: The structure and function of working models. 1994. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1994-97997-002.
  48. Pakdaman Sh. [The Study of Attachment and Society Seeking in Adolescents]. Ph.D. Thesis. Tehran: Tehran University; 2001. [In Persian]
  49. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Kaplan HI.Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 18، شماره 156,155
هفته اول و دوم مرداد ماه 1394
مرداد 1394
صفحه 9-18

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار