Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of combined training, with or without vitamin D supplementation, on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal indices in women with PCOS.

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 34 women with PCOS were randomly assigned to four groups: control, vitamin D, exercise, and exercise plus vitamin D. The training groups performed three sessions per week of combined training, respectively; TRX, circuit training, and aerobic training., while the supplementation groups received 1,000 IU of vitamin D daily. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and Bonferroni post hoc test. The significance criterion for the results was considered to be P<0.05.

Results: Combined exercise, particularly when combined with vitamin D supplementation, resulted in significant improvements in body weight, BMI, and WHR compared with the control and vitamin D groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant between-group differences were observed in LH, FSH, or SHBG levels (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Combined exercise, particularly when accompanied by vitamin D supplementation, may be an effective non-pharmacological approach for improving anthropometric indices and metabolic status in women with PCOS, although no significant effects on hormonal indices were observed.