Introduction: Due to various studies and different results, and the lack of sufficient domestic studies on the effectiveness of corticosteroid administration in the treatment of preterm twin birth, this study investigated the safety and efficacy of betamethasone in women at risk of preterm birth.

Materials and Methods: This study is retrospective. Required information for women, including age, history of underlying diseases, history of medication, exposure to corticosteroids, maternal gestation, history of preterm birth, and other required information, was extracted from patient records and entered into a pre-determined checklist. The primary outcome of the study included assessment of neonatal complications 7 days after delivery, including neonatal death, hypoglycemia, neonatal sepsis, NEC, BPD, RDS, hospitalization longer than 72 hours, TTN, NICU, hyperbilirubinemia, need for mechanical ventilation, need for HFNC, need for CPAP, seizures, and low Apgar.

Results: In terms of gender, the results showed that the frequency of boys was higher than girls in both groups, but it was not significant (p=0.68). In contrast, the mean CPAP, pH, NIV, and duration of NICU stay were almost equal in both groups, so no statistically significant relationship was observed (p>0.05). In contrast, the results showed that the frequency of patients who needed surfactant was significantly higher in the betamethasone group compared to the other group (p=0.01). In univariate analyses, the results showed that Apgar at 1 and 5 minutes and duration of NICU stay had a significant effect on the incidence of