ارتباط سوء مصرف مواد مادران و شاخص‌های بالینی حین تولد نوزادان: یک مطالعه مقطعی

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 کارشناس مامایی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

3 مربی گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری داخلی جراحی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

10.22038/ijogi.2025.83638.6244

چکیده

مقدمه: سوء مصرف مواد در دوران بارداری، به یک مسئله مهم بهداشتی تبدیل شده است که خطری بالقوه برای سلامت جسمی و روانی مادران و نوزادان محسوب می‌شود. با توجه به شیوع روزافزون سوء مصرف مواد مادر و اهمیت شاخص‌های بالینی حین تولد نوزاد، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط سوء مصرف مواد مادران با شاخص‌های بالینی حین تولد نوزادان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی، اطلاعات 276 مادر مراجعه کننده به زایشگاه­های بیرجند در سال 1402 بر اساس چک‌لیست و پرسشنامه استخراج و در دو گروه مادران باردار سالم و مادران باردار دارای سوء مصرف مواد قرار داده شد. شاخص‌های بالینی نوزاد در حین تولد با استفاده از چک‌لیست و اطلاعات دموگرافیک مادر توسط پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخته گردآوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 26) و آزمون‌های آماری ‌یو من‌‌ویتنی و کای ‌اسکوئر انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: در این مطالعه 92 نفر (7/65%) از مادران سالم و 73 نفر (7/53%) از مادران دارای سابقه سوء مصرف مواد، زایمان طبیعی داشتند. سن مادران (001/0>p) و ضربان قلب نوزاد حین تولد (010/0=p) در گروه دارای سوء مصرف مواد بالاتر بود، اما دور سر نوزاد (001/0>p)، وزن نوزاد در هنگام تولد (001/0>p) و سن بارداری در گروه مادران سالم بالاتر بود (006/0=p). نمره آپگار در دقیقه اول و پنجم تفاوت آماری معناداری بین دو گروه مادران سالم و مادران دارای سابقه سوء مصرف مواد نشان نداد (05/0<p).
نتیجه گیری: سوء مصرف مواد در مادران باردار با افزایش زایمان زودرس و کاهش دور سر نوزاد، وزن هنگام تولد نوزاد و سن بارداری مادر ارتباط دارد. شناسایی به‌موقع مادران در معرض خطر سوء مصرف مواد و مشاوره آنها، از تحمیل هزینه ­های بهداشتی به سیستم بهداشت و درمان و پیامدهای بهداشتی نامناسبی که نوزاد تازه متولد شده را تهدید می­ کند، می‌کاهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Maternal Substance Abuse and Clinical Indicators during Childbirth: A Cross-Sectional Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Simin Sharafi 1
  • Fatemeh Hassani 2
  • Abbasali Ramazani 3
  • Sajedeh Kermani 4
  • Mohammad Esmaeelzadeh 4
1 Assistant professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
2 B.Sc. in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
3 Instructor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
4 M.Sc. Student of Internal Surgical Nursing, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Substance abuse during pregnancy has become a significant health issue that poses potential risks to the physical and mental health of both mothers and newborns. Regarding to the rising prevalence of maternal substance abuse and the crucial role of clinical indicators during childbirth, this study was conducted with aim to examine the relationship between maternal substance abuse and clinical indicators during childbirth.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, information on 276 mothers referring to maternity hospitals of Birjand in 2023 was extracted based on a checklist and questionnaire and were placed into two groups: healthy pregnant mothers and pregnant mothers with substance abuse. The clinical indicators of the newborn at birth were collected using the checklist and mothers’ demographic information through a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 26) and Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Of the healthy mothers, 92 (65.7%) had a natural delivery, compared to 73 (53.7%) of mothers with a history of substance abuse. Maternal age (P<0.001) and the heart rate of infants at birth (P=0.010) were higher in the substance abuse group, whereas head circumference (P<0.001), birth weight (P<0.001), and maternal gestational age (P=0.006) were greater in the healthy group. The Apgar scores at first and fifth minutes did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the groups of healthy mothers and those with a history of substance abuse (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Substance abuse in pregnant mothers is linked to higher rates of preterm birth and lower infant head circumference, birth weight, and maternal gestational age. Timely identifying at-risk mothers and providing counseling can help alleviate strain on the healthcare system and prevent negative health outcomes for newborns.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Infant
  • Pregnancy
  • Substance abuse

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 28، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 34-43

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