ارتباط بین شاخص توده بدنی مادر در ابتدای بارداری با وزن هنگام تولد نوزاد و برخی پیامدهای بارداری

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه نوزادان، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه زنان و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات اختلالات تخمک گذاری، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

5 دانشجوی دکترای بهداشت باروری، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

6 پزشک عمومی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: وزن هنگام تولد، یکی از شاخص های اصلی رشد و از تعیین کننده های اصلی بقاء می باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین شاخص توده بدنی مادر در ابتدای بارداری با برخی از پیامدهای بارداری و وزن هنگام تولد نوزاد انجام شد.
روش کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 1389 بر روی 800 زن باردار با سن بارداری کمتر از 12 هفته مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشت شهر مشهد انجام شد. در اولین ویزیت پره ناتال، پرسشنامه حاوی اطلاعات فردی تکمیل و شاخص توده بدنی مادران محاسبه شد و هنگام زایمان، وزن نوزاد و سایر متغیرهای مورد مطالعه بررسی شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون های کای دو، تی دانشجویی، همبستگی پیرسون و مدل خطی تعمیم انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین وزن هنگام تولد نوزادان با افزایش شاخص توده بدنی مادر افزایش یافته بود (001/0>p)، همچنین میانگین وزن هنگام تولد در مادران بیشتر از 35 سال (03/0=p)، چندزا (001/0=p) و نوزادان پسر (0001/0>p) به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود. فراوانی زایمان زودرس و کم وزنی نوزاد نیز در مادران لاغر به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود (0001/0>p). ماکروزومی نوزاد در مادران چاق بیشتر بود، همچنین با افزایش شاخص توده بدنی، میزان زایمان سزارین افزایش می یافت.
نتیجه گیری: شاخص توده بدنی غیر طبیعی منجر به بروز عوارض نامطلوب پری ناتال می شود، لذا می توان از شاخص توده بدنی، جهت شناسایی مادران بارداری که در معرض خطر عوارض مادری و نوزادی قرار دارند، استفاده نمود و برای پیشگیری از بروز آن تدابیر لازم را اندیشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index at the Beginning of Pregnancy and Infants' Birth Weight and Pregnancy Outcomes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habibollah Esmaili 1
  • Ahmad Shah Farhat 2
  • Khadijeh Mirzai Najmabadi 3
  • Salmeh Dadgar 4
  • Aghdas Karimi 5
  • Mohammad Khojasteh Gelayami 6
1 Associate Professor , Department of Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovulation Dysfunction Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Ph.D. Student of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
6 General Practitioner, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Birth weight is one of the main indices of growth and one of the determining factors of survival. The purpose of this study was determining the relationship between maternal body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy and infants' birth weight and pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 pregnant women with gestational age less than 12 weeks who referred to health centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2010. In the first prenatal medical appointment, a questionnaire containing personal information was completed and mothers' body mass index was calculated. At birth, the infants' weights and other variables were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and chi-square, student t-test, Pearson correlation and generalized linear models. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Mean birth weight of infants had increased with the increase in their mother's weight (p<0.001). Also, mean of infants' birth weight was significantly higher in mothers aged 35 or more (p=0.03), multiparas (p=0.001) and mothers who gave birth to male infants (p<0.0001). Low birth weight and preterm labor were significantly more prevalent among underweight mothers (p<0.0001). Macrosomia was seen more among obese mothers. Furthermore, the incidence of cesarean section increased with the increase in mothers' body mass index. Mothers' body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy has a role in predicting the infants' birth weight.
Conclusion: Abnormal body mass index leads to undesirable prenatal complications. As a result, body mass index can be used to identify pregnant women who are at the risk of maternal and infantile complications and take the necessary measure to prevent them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Birth weight
  • Body mass index
  • Pregnancy outcome

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 16، شماره 85 - شماره پیاپی 85
هفته سوم بهمن ماه 1392
بهمن 1392
صفحه 1-10

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