بررسی مقایسه ای میزان ابتلاء به افسردگی، استرس و اضطراب در دو گروه زنان فرزنددار و بدون فرزند: یک مطالعه مبتنی بر جمعیت

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی بهداشت باروری، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تعویق فرزندآوری، پدیده اجتماعی در خانواده­ های ایرانی بوده و در تأثیر آن بر سلامت روان، اختلاف نظرهایی وجود دارد، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش فرزندآوری در میزان ابتلاء به افسردگی، استرس و اضطراب زنان ایرانی در سنین باروری انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 1400 بر روی 581 زن متأهل غیرباردار واجد شرایط از 31 استان کشور انجام شد. نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی در دسترس به‌صورت الکترونیک و در فضای مجازی انجام شد. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه ­های دموگرافیک-تاریخچه پزشکی، کیفیت خواب (برگرفته از LSQ)، رضایت زناشویی (EMS)، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده (MSPSS)، وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی (قدرت ­نما) و استرس- اضطراب- افسردگی (DASS-21) جمع ­آوری شد. تجزیه­ و تحلیل داده ­ها با استفاده از نرم ­افزار SPSS (نسخه 22) و آزمون­ های تی مستقل، کای دو و رگرسیون لوجستیک دووجهی انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ها: تحصیلات زن و همسر (001/0>p)، شاغل بودن زن (004/0=p) و سطح اقتصادی- اجتماعی بالاتر (04/0=p) در زنان بدون فرزند به ­طور معناداری بیشتر بود. رضایت زناشویی (61/0=p)، حمایت اجتماعی (13/0=p)، کیفیت خواب (58/0=p)، سابقه بیماری مزمن (64/0=p)، محل زندگی (058/0=p) در دو گروه تفاوت معناداری نداشت. پس از تعدیل داده ­ها، مشاهده­ شد که میزان ابتلاء به افسردگی در زنان بدون فرزند 2 برابر زنان فرزنددار است (82/3-11/1 :CI 95%، 06/2=AOR). ابتلاء به استرس (38/0=p) و اضطراب (9/0=p) در دو گروه تفاوت معناداری نداشت.
نتیجه ­گیری: داشتن فرزند، نه تنها استرس و اضطراب زنان را افزایش نمی­ دهد، بلکه نقش محافظت کننده در مقابل افسردگی دارد، لذا به ­نظر می ­رسد تشویق به فرزندآوری می ­تواند سبب ارتقاء سلامت روان زنان جامعه ایران شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A comparative study of depression, stress, and anxiety in two groups of women with and without children: a population-based study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Bayat 1
  • Giti Ozgoli 2
  • Zohreh Mahmoodi 3
  • Malihe Nasiri 4
1 PhD student of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate professor, Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
4 Assistant professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Postponed childbearing is a social phenomenon in Iranian families. There is a controversy about its effect on mental health. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed to determine the role of childbearing in the rate of depression, stress, and anxiety in Iranian women of childbearing age.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 on 581 eligible non-pregnant married women from 31 provinces of Iran. Non-random available sampling was performed as electronic form in virtual space. Data were analyzed by Demographic and Medical History Questionnaire, Sleep Quality (adapted from LSQ), Marital Satisfaction (EMS), Perceived Social Support (MSMPSS), Socioeconomic Status (Ghodratnama Questionnaire), and Stress-Anxiety-Depression (DASS-21). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Independent t-test, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Female and spouse education (P <0.001), female employment (P = 0.004), and higher socioeconomic status (P = 0.04) were significantly higher in women without children. The marital satisfaction (P = 0.061), social support (P = 0.13), sleep quality (P = 0.58), history of chronic disease (P = 0.64), and place of residence (P = 0.058) were not significantly different between the two groups. After adjusting the data, the rate of depression in childless women is twice that of women with children (AOR=2.06 95% CI: 1.11-3.82). Stress (P = 0.38) and anxiety (P = 0.9) were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: Having children not only does not increase the rate of stress and anxiety, but also protects women against depression. Therefore, encouraging childbearing seems to promote the mental health of women in Iranian society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Childbearing
  • Iran
  • Mental Health
  • Motherhood

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 25، شماره 7
مهر 1401
صفحه 45-58

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