بررسی فراوانی و علل نارسایی حاد کلیه در بارداری با توجه به مشکلات مربوط به بارداری: مطالعه تک‌مرکز

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه داخلی نفرولو‌ژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 پزشک عمومی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه زنان و مامایی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: شیوع نارسایی حاد کلیه در دوران بارداری، در کشورهای مختلف متفاوت است. هرچند وقوع آن طی سال‌های اخیر کاهش یافته است، ولی یکی از علل مهم مرگ‌ومیر مادران باردار می‌باشد. با توجه به این که در استان سیستان و بلوچستان در این زمینه آماری دقیقی وجود ندارد، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شیوع نارسایی حاد کلیه و علل بروز آن در زنان باردار مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان علی‌بن ‌ابیطالب زاهدان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی و گذشته‌نگر بر روی پرونده ۱۵۳۹۷ زن باردار مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان علی‌ابن ابیطالب زاهدان در سال‌های ۹۷-۱۳۹۶ انجام شد. پرونده بیمارانی که کراتینین حداقل ۲ نوبت بالاتر از ۸۷/۰ و یا اولیگوآنوری بیشتر از ۱۲ ساعت داشتند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از این تعداد، ۳۱۸ مورد با تشخیص نارسایی حاد کلیه وارد بررسی شدند و علل مختلف نارسایی حاد کلیه در بارداری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 20) و آزمون‌های تی دانشجویی و من‌ویتنی انجام شد. میزان p‌ کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: از ۱۵۳۹۷ تولد زنده طی مدت 1 سال، ۳۱۸ مورد (۰۶۵/۲%) نارسایی کلیه و ۳۹ بیمار (۲۶/۱۲%) نیاز به دیالیز داشتند و ۲۰ مورد (۲۸/۶%) مرگ مادر گزارش شده بود. شایع‌ترین علل نارسایی حاد کلیه به‌ترتیب پره‌اکلامپسی (۳۴%)، سپسیس (۶/۱۸%) و شوک هموراژا‌یک (۸/۱۳%) بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نارسایی حاد کلیه در مادران باردار بیمارستان علی‌ابن ابیطالب زاهدان شیوع بالایی دارد. مهم‌ترین آن پره‌اکلامپسی، سپسیس و شوک هموراژیک بود و در این بین، درصد قابل ملاحظه‌ای نیاز به دیالیز داشته و مرگ مادران باردار نیز نسبتاً بالا است. با توجه به نرخ بالای زادوولد در این استان و خطر نارسایی حاد کلیه، افزایش کنترل بهداشتی زنان باردار باید با دقت و توجه بیشتری انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Causes and prevalence of acute kidney injury in pregnancy regarding to pregnancy-related problems: single-center study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Shahreki 1
  • Somayeh Kordi Todzil 2
  • Batool Teimoori 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
2 General Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The prevalence of acute renal failure during pregnancy varies from country to country. Although the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during pregnancy has decreased in recent years, it is still one of the most leading causes of mortality in pregnant women. Due to the lack of accurate data in this field in Sistan and Baluchestan province, this study was performed aimed to investigate the causes and prevalence of AKI in pregnant women referred to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study was performed on 15397 files of pregnant women referred to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan in 2017-2018. The files of patients with at least 2 times of creatinine higher than 0.87 and/or oligoanuria longer than 12 hours were evaluated. Among them, 318 cases diagnosed with AKI entered the study; meanwhile, various causes of AKI in pregnancy were studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) and student t-test and Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 15397 live births during one year, 318 cases of AKI (2.065%) and 39 patients (12.26%) required dialysis; in addition, 20 (6.28%) cases of death were reported. The most common causes of renal failure were preeclampsia (34%), sepsis (18.6%) and hemorrhagic shock (13.8%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of AKI in pregnant women in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan was high. The most important causes were preeclampsia, sepsis and hemorrhagic shock and a significant number of them needed dialysis. The maternal mortality rate was also relatively high. Due to the high rate of birth in this province and the risk of AKI, health control of pregnant women should be performed with more accuracy and attention.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acute renal failure
  • Maternal death
  • Preeclampsia
  • Pregnancy
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