معاینه بکارت با درخواست شخصی: دیدگاهها و رویکردها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مامایی و سلامت باروری، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین - پیشوا، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و حقوق پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: هرچند بکارت به‌عنوان یک ارزش غیرقابل انکار از سوی اغلب جوامع پذیرفته شده است، با این وجود معاینه بکارت با درخواست شخصی مورد تردید است، لذا مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف بررسی رویکردها و دیدگاه­ها در ارتباط با این معاینه انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه مروری، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتیSID ، Iranmedx، Magiran، ProQuest، Ovide، Sience Direct، EBSCO، MD Consult، Cochran Library، Scirus، Google Scholar و سایت‌های WHO و UNFPA با استفاده از کلمات کلیدی معاینه بکارت، درخواست شخصی، جنبه‌های اخلاقی،Virginity testing، Self-request و aspect Ethical از سال 2018-1970 مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. زبان جستجوی مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی بود.
یافته­ها: معاینه بکارت با درخواست شخصی عموماً به‌دلیل فشارهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی انجام می­گردد و به‌دنبال پیامدهای فردی، اجتماعی و سیاسی، مورد انتقاد بسیاری از مجامع حقوق بشری است. سازمان جهانی بهداشت از آن به‌عنوان نماد خشونت علیه زنان یاد کرده است. در ایران ضمن حرام بودن و جایز نبودن معاینه، انجام این معاینه با برخی بندهای منشور حقوق بیمار و ارائه خدمات مبتنی بر احترام مغایرت دارد. علی‌رغم موارد یاد شده، معاینه بکارت با درخواست شخصی انجام می­گردد.
نتیجه‌گیری: معاینه بکارت بیش از اینکه یک معاینه پزشکی باشد، یک محصول اجتماعی است و همسو با سیاست­های سازمان جهانی بهداشت، نه تنها با اخلاق حرفه‌ای، منشور حقوق بیمار ایران و قانون اساسی کشور تناقض دارد، بلکه از نظر مراجع شیعه نیز قابل‌پذیرش نیست. با این وجود رویکرد غالب در قبال آن، سیاست چشم‌پوشی است. با توجه به یافته­های مطالعه حاضر اتخاذ رویکرد مناسب در قبال معاینه بکارت، مستلزم اجماع بین سازمان­های متولی و متخصصین حوزه­های پزشکی، قضایی، حقوقی، حوزوی و اجتماعی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Self-Request virginity testing: Attitudes and Approaches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Robatjazi 1
  • Mahmoud Abbasi 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty o Medical Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Medical Law, Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Although virginity has been accepted as an undeniable value in most societies, however, self-request virginity testing is skeptical, so this review study was performed with aim to investigate the attitudes, approaches and consequences towards this test.
Methods: In this review study, databases of SID, Iranmedex, Magiran , ProQuest, Pubmed, Ovide, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, MD Consult, Cochrane library, Scirus, Google scholar and WHO,UNFPA websites were searched by using the keywords of virginity testing, Self request, Ethical aspect since 1970-2018. The language for search was English and Persian.
Results: Self-request virginity testing is generally done due to social and cultural pressures and has been criticized by many human rights associations following personal, social, and political consequence. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized it as violence against women. In Iran, virginity test is religiously prohibited (Haram), and self-request virginity testing is in contrary with providing services with respect and few clauses of Iranian patient’s right charter. Self-request virginity testing is performed despite of all these mentioned.
Conclusion: Virginity testingis more social outcome than being a medical examination, and along with the policies of WHO, not only virginity test is contrary with professional behaviors, Iran patients’ rights charter, and Iranian constitute, but also it is prohibited according to Shiaat religious leaders. However, the dominant approach is a sort of negligence policy in this regard. According to the findings of this study, proper approach to virginity testing needs cooperation among responsible organizations and specialist in medical, judicial, law, religious, and social affairs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Approach
  • Attitude
  • Consequence
  • Sexual abstinence
  • Virginity testing

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 22، شماره 11
بهمن 1398
صفحه 75-84

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