واکسنهای نوکلئیک اسیدی برای ویروس پاپیلومای انسان؛ پیشگیری یا درمان

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست‌شناسی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: سرطان رحم، چهارمین سرطان رایج در زنان می­باشد. تقریباً در تمامی موارد این سرطان، ابتلاء به انواع ویروس پاپیلومای انسانی با خطر بالا به‌خصوص تیپ­های 16 و 18 مشاهده می­شود. این ویروس عامل ایجاد سرطان‌های دیگری نظیر اوروفارنکس، آنورکتال و همچنین پوست نیز می­باشد. مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف بررسی واکسن­های موجود و در حال توسعه برای پیشگیری یا درمان HPV انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این پژوهش مروری، کلمات کلیدی HPV، سرطان سرویکس، DNA واکسن، RNA واکسن، پیشگیری و درمان آلودگی با HPV در پایگاه­های PubMed، Science direct، Scopus و Google Scholar در بازه زمانی سال­های 2000 تا 2018 مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. مقالات انگلیسی به‌روز و چاپ شده در مجلات چارک اول، در اولویت قرار گرفتند و مقالات دارای اطلاعات ناقص و نامرتبط از مطالعه حذف شدند.
یافته­ها: با وجود واکسن­هایی برای پیشگیری از ابتلاء به HPV، تحقیقات بر روی ارائه واکسن بهتر بر علیه این ویروس ادامه دارد، زیرا واکسن­های موجود از تمامی تیپ­های پرخطر ویروس پیشگیری نمی­کنند. همچنین بر روی افراد مبتلا و دارای ناهنجاری­های حاصل از ویروس و یا سرطان تأثیری ندارند. از راهکار­های امیدبخش، واکسن­هایی بر اساس نوکلئیک­اسید­ها (DNA یا RNA) می­باشند.
نتیجه­گیری: نوکلئیک­اسید واکسن­ها دارای نتایج امیدوارکننده­ای به دلیل امن بودن، پایداری، راحتی در تولید و توانایی ایجاد ایمنی اختصاصی می­باشند. در حال حاضر واکسن­های GX-188E، VGX-3100، ZNF–603 و ZNF -758 بر علیه ژن­های E6 و E7 ویروس در فاز کلینیکی موفق عمل کرده­اند و امیدهایی برای یک واکسن درمانی برای افراد آلوده به ویروس یا مبتلا به سرطان ایجاد کرده اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nucleic acid vaccines for human papillomavirus; prevention or treatment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz Moniri Javadhesari 1
  • Sepehr Pourseif 2
  • Keyvan Khakpour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 M.Sc. student of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer among women. In almost all cases of this cancer, infection to a high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) especially type 16 and 18 is observed. HPV is also the cause of other cancers such as oropharyngeal, anorectal and skin. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the vaccines available or under investigation to prevent or treat HPV infection.
Methods: In this review study, the keywords of HPV, cervix cancer, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, and prevention or treatment of HPV infections were searched in databases of PubMed, Science direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2018. The recent articles published in English Q1 journals were selected, and the articles with incomplete or irrelevant data were excluded from the study. 
Results: Despite the available vaccines to prevent HPV infection, ongoing research is continued to develop assorted vaccines against it, because available vaccines don’t prevent all high risk types of HPV; also they are not effective on those who are already infected and have HPV associated malignancies or cancer. Nucleic acid based (DNA or RNA) vaccines are of promising approaches.
Conclusion:Nucleic acid vaccines have promising outcomes due to safety, stability, simplicity of providing and ability to induce antigen-specific immunity. Currently, GX-188E, VGX-3100, ZNF–603 and ZNF -758 vaccines are successfully passing clinical trials based on E6 and E7 genes of HPV. These vaccines caused hopes for a vaccine to treat those who are already infected or have cancer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cervical cancer
  • DNA Vaccines
  • Human papillomavirus
  • RNA Vaccines
  • Therapeutic vaccines

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 22، شماره 7
مهر 1398
صفحه 77-88

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