بررسی فراوانی کم خونی در زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز جامع سلامت شهر یزد (96-1395)

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات پایش سلامت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

3 پزشک عمومی، مرکز تحقیقات پایش سلامت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: کم‌خونی در بارداری از شیوع نسبتاً بالایی برخوردار است. هرچند آنمی خفیف منجر به عوارض قابل توجه جنینی نمی‌گردد، ولی آنمی شدید (هموگلوبین زیر 7)، می‌تواند منجر به آثار سوء بر مادر و جنین و حتی افزایش مرگ‌و‌میر آن­ها شود، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین شیوع کم‌خونی و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان باردار یزدی و برخی عوارض نوزادی آن انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی و مقطعی در سال 96-1395 بر روی 550پرونده زن باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر یزد انجام شد. داده­های مربوط به مراقبت‌های بارداری با استفاده از فرم طراحی شده از پرونده افراد استخراج شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماریSPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون­های کای دو و تی تست انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه شیوع آنمی در زنان باردار شهر یزد 2/7% بود. 25 نفر (5/4%) در سه ماهه اول و 22 نفر (4%) در سه ماهه‌ دوم بارداری آنمی داشتند. وجود آنمی با سن، سطح تحصیلات مادر، شغل مادر، جنسیت نوزاد، نوع زایمان، وجود بارداری پرخطر و وزن نوزاد در بدو تولد، ارتباط معنا‌داری نداشت (05/0p>)، ولی شیوع آنمی در مناطق مختلف شهری متفاوت بود و دور سر نوزادان مادران آنمیک به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از نوزادان مادران بدون آنمی بود (01/0p<).
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد شیوع آنمی در شهر یزد در مقایسه با اغلب مناطق کشور پایین‌تر است که یکی از علل آن می­تواند گسترش پوشش خدمات نظام سلامت در نقاط شهری و اجرای برنامه­های مداخله‌ای پیشگیرانه ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Frequency of Anemia in the Pregnant Women Referring to the Health Centers in Yazd, Iran (2016-2017)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Vakili 1
  • Zahra Mardani 2
  • Mohsen Mirzaei 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2 Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3 MD, Health Monitoring Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Background & Objective: Anemia during pregnancy has a relatively high prevalence. Mild anemia is not associated with significant embryonic effects, whereas severe anemia (hemoglobin of <7) could adversely affect the mother and fetus and increase maternal and neonatal mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the influential factors in the prevalence of anemia and the associated neonatal complications in pregnant women.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 550 delivery records of the pregnant women referring to the health centers in Yazd, Iran during 2016-2017. Subjects were randomly selected from different parts of Yazd city. Data on pregnancy care were extracted from the medical records using a data collection. Anemia was defined as the hemoglobin levels of <11 and <10.5 in the first and second semester, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using Chi-square and t-test at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women in Yazd city was 7.2%, including 25 cases (4.5%) in the first trimester, and 22 cases (4%) in the second trimester of pregnancy. No significant correlations were observed between anemia and maternal age, education level, occupation status, neonatal sex, mode of delivery, high-risk pregnancy and birth weight (P>0.05). However, the prevalence of anemia was significantly different in various regions of the city, and the neonates of anemic mothers had significantly lower head circumference compared to the neonates of the mothers without anemia (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of anemia seems to be relatively lower in Yazd compared to the other regions in Iran, which could be attributed to the expansion of healthcare services and implementation of preventive intervention programs in these areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anemia
  • pregnancy
  • Prevalence
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