ارتباط استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی با رفتارهای خودمراقبتی دوران بارداری در زنان در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 مربی گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت مبتنی بر شواهد، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات ایمنی بیمار، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 مربی گروه پرستاری، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت مبتنی بر شواهد، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه زنان و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت زنان، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: بارداری با تغییرات گسترده­ روانی و جسمی در مادران باردار همراه می­باشد. استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی از جمله عوامل تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد و عدم توجه به خود در زنان باردار می­­باشد. یکی از پرکاربردترین تئوری­ها در زمینه خودمراقبتی، تئوری اورم است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط رفتارهای خودمراقبتی مبتنی بر تئوری اورم با استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی دوران بارداری در زنان در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه همبستگی ­توصیفی در سال 1394 بر روی 176 زن باردار 26-24 هفته در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی- درمانی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد انجام شد. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل پرسشنامه غربالگری زایمان زودرس هولبروک، فرم مشخصات فردی و مامایی، پرسشنامه اقدامات مراقبتی دوران بارداری هارت و پرسشنامه استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی DASS21 بود. بر اساس پرسشنامه غربالگری زایمان زودرس هولبروک، افراد واجد شرایط ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شدند. بر اساس پرسشنامه اقدامات مراقبت­های دوران بارداری هارت، رفتار­های خودمراقبتی و بر اساس پرسشنامه استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی DASS21، اضطراب، افسردگی و استرس ارزیابی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون­های­ همبستگی پیرسون و اسپیرمن انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی­دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: بین نمره خودمراقبتی با استرس (004/0=p) و افسردگی (032/0=p) ارتباط خطی معنادار و معکوس وجود داشت، اما بین خودمراقبتی و اضطراب ارتباط خطی معناداری مشاهده نشد (374/0=p).
نتیجه‌گیری: افزایش استرس و افسردگی در زنان در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس، باعث کاهش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی در آنان می‌شود، لذا مدیریت و شناسایی زنان باردار در معرض استرس و افسردگی و برنامه‌ریزی و انجام اقدامات مناسب جهت کاهش افسردگی و استرس آنها موجب افزایش سطح خودمراقبتی در زنان در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship of prenatal self-care behaviors with stress, anxiety and depression in women at risk of preterm delivery

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Mahboobeh Rezaeian 1
  • Zahra Abedian 2
  • Robab Latifnejad Roudsari 3
  • Seyed Reza Mazloom 4
  • Salmeh Dadgar 5
1 M.Sc. student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Evidence-based Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of Midwifery, Patient's Safety Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 Instructor, Department of Nursing, Evidence-based Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5 Assistant professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with extensive mental and physical changes in pregnant women. Stress, anxiety and depression are factors affecting pregnant women’s performance that lead to lack of attention to their own self-care. Orem's self-care theory is one of the most widely used theories in the field of self-care. This study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship of self-care behaviors in pregnancy based on Orem’s theory with stress, anxiety and depression in women at risk of preterm delivery.
Methods: This descriptive correlational study was done on 176 pregnant women in 24-26 week of pregnancy at risk for preterm delivery referring to health centers affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015. The research tools included Holbrook risk-scoring for preterm labor questionnaire, demographic and obstetric questionnaire, Hart prenatal care actions scale and DASS21 (stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire). According to Holbrook risk-scoring for preterm labor questionnaire, the subjects who met inclusion criteria were selected. Self-care behaviors were assessed according to Hart prenatal care actions scale, and stress, anxiety and depression were evaluated according to DASS21 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version16) and using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. PResults: There was inverse linear significant relationship between prenatal self-care and stress (P =0.004) and depression (P =0.032). But no significant relationship was seen between prenatal self-care and anxiety (P =0.374).
Conclusion: The increasing stress and depression in women at risk of preterm delivery reduce self-care behaviors in these patients. Therefore, management and identifying of pregnant women at risk for stress and depression and planning for reducing their stress and depression will lead to increased self-care behaviors in women at risk for preterm delivery.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Orem's self-care theory
  • pregnancy
  • stress

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 20، شماره 3
خرداد 1396
صفحه 68-76

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