شیوع عود زایمان زودرس و عوامل مرتبط با آن در شهر ایلام

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای تخصصی بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

3 کارشناس مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

4 کارشناس ارشد پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: زایمان زودرس و عود آن، تبعات درازمدتی برای خانواده‌ها و جوامع دارد، بنابراین ارزیابی عوامل اپیدمیولوژیک و زیست محیطی برای تشخیص زنان در معرض خطر زایمان زودرس، حائز اهمیت است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شیوع عود زایمان زودرس و عوامل مرتبط با آن انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 94-1393 بر روی 3763 زن باردار مراجعه‌کننده به زایشگاه شهید مصطفی خمینی (ره) شهر ایلام انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخته و شامل 37 سؤال بود که اطلاعات مربوط به متغیرهای فردی، تاریخچه مامایی و طبی مادری و متغیرهای جنینی (سن حاملگی، تعداد زایمان‌های قبلی‌، وزن تولد، آپگار، مرگ پری‌ناتال، ناهنجاری مادر‌زادی، سابقه زایمان زودرس قبلی، پرزانتاسیون، اختلالات جفت، سابقه سقط، سابقه فشارخون، دیابت در بارداری، سابقه ضربه و جراحی، اختلالات ساختمانی رحم و سرویکس، پارگی زودرس کیسه آب) جمع‌آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 19) و آزمون‌های آماری کای اسکوئر و تی تست انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: از مجموع 350 مورد زایمان زودرس، 289 نفر (6/82%) سابقه زایمان زودرس نداشتند و 61 نفر (4/17%) دارای سابقه زایمان زودرس قبلی بودند.بیشترین عود زایمان زودرس در سنین 40-31 سالگی یافت شد. بین سن، سطح تحصیلات، پاریته، عفونت تناسلی، عفونت ادراری، سابقه جراحی، دیابت، مرگ جنین، ناهنجارهای جنینی و عود زایمان زودرس ارتباط آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (05/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به بالا بودن شیوع عود زایمان زودرس در زنانی که سابقه زایمان زودرس دارند، می‌توان با افزایش مراقبت‌های بالینی و یافتن عوامل مؤثر در زایمان زودرس، از عود آن پیشگیری کرد و از شیوع عود زایمان زودرس کاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Prevalence of Preterm Birth Recurrence and Related Factors in Ilam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razhan Chehreh 1
  • Zoleikha Karamolahi 2
  • Azadeh Aevazi 3
  • Milad Borji 4
  • Azam Saffar 5
1 PhD in Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
2 M.Sc. in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
3 M.Sc. in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
4 M.Sc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Preterm birth and its risk of recurrence have long-term consequences on families and communities. So evaluating epidemiologic and environmental factors is important to diagnose the women at risk for early delivery. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of preterm birth recurrence and related factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 3763 pregnant women referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini's maternity hospital in Ilam during July 2015 to July 2016. In this study, sampling was carried out in a sequential method. Data were collected using interviews and medical records of the pregnant women. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 37 questions, including demographic variables, midwifery history, and maternal medical and fetal variables (i.e., gestational age, number of previous births, birth weight, Apgar score, perinatal death, congenital malformation, previous preterm labor, placental abnormalities, , history of abortion, history of hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy, history of trauma and surgery, uterine and cervical disorder, premature rupture of the membranes). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), Chi-square test, and t-test.
Results: Out of 350 neonates, 82.6% of them had no history of preterm labor, and 17.4% of the newborns had a history of preterm birth. The most prevalent recurrence of preterm delivery was at the age of 30-40 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the age, education level, parity, genital infection, urinary tract infection, history of surgery, diabetes, fetal death, fetal malformation, and preterm birth recurrence (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of preterm delivery in women with a history of preterm delivery, the prevention of this important complication of pregnancy can be performed by increasing clinical care and considering the causative factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Preterm birth
  • Recurrence
  • Prevalence
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