بررسی فراوانی کم خونی در زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز جامع سلامت شهر یزد (96-1395)

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات پایش سلامت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

3 پزشک عمومی، مرکز تحقیقات پایش سلامت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: کم‌خونی در بارداری از شیوع نسبتاً بالایی برخوردار است. هرچند آنمی خفیف منجر به عوارض قابل توجه جنینی نمی‌گردد، ولی آنمی شدید (هموگلوبین زیر 7)، می‌تواند منجر به آثار سوء بر مادر و جنین و حتی افزایش مرگ‌و‌میر آن­ها شود، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین شیوع کم‌خونی و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان باردار یزدی و برخی عوارض نوزادی آن انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه توصیفی و مقطعی در سال 96-1395 بر روی 550پرونده زن باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر یزد انجام شد. داده­های مربوط به مراقبت‌های بارداری با استفاده از فرم طراحی شده از پرونده افراد استخراج شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماریSPSS (نسخه 16) و آزمون­های کای دو و تی تست انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه شیوع آنمی در زنان باردار شهر یزد 2/7% بود. 25 نفر (5/4%) در سه ماهه اول و 22 نفر (4%) در سه ماهه‌ دوم بارداری آنمی داشتند. وجود آنمی با سن، سطح تحصیلات مادر، شغل مادر، جنسیت نوزاد، نوع زایمان، وجود بارداری پرخطر و وزن نوزاد در بدو تولد، ارتباط معنا‌داری نداشت (05/0p>)، ولی شیوع آنمی در مناطق مختلف شهری متفاوت بود و دور سر نوزادان مادران آنمیک به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از نوزادان مادران بدون آنمی بود (01/0p<).
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد شیوع آنمی در شهر یزد در مقایسه با اغلب مناطق کشور پایین‌تر است که یکی از علل آن می­تواند گسترش پوشش خدمات نظام سلامت در نقاط شهری و اجرای برنامه­های مداخله‌ای پیشگیرانه ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Frequency of Anemia in the Pregnant Women Referring to the Health Centers in Yazd, Iran (2016-2017)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Vakili 1
  • Zahra Mardani 2
  • Mohsen Mirzaei 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2 Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3 MD, Health Monitoring Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Background & Objective: Anemia during pregnancy has a relatively high prevalence. Mild anemia is not associated with significant embryonic effects, whereas severe anemia (hemoglobin of <7) could adversely affect the mother and fetus and increase maternal and neonatal mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the influential factors in the prevalence of anemia and the associated neonatal complications in pregnant women.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 550 delivery records of the pregnant women referring to the health centers in Yazd, Iran during 2016-2017. Subjects were randomly selected from different parts of Yazd city. Data on pregnancy care were extracted from the medical records using a data collection. Anemia was defined as the hemoglobin levels of <11 and <10.5 in the first and second semester, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using Chi-square and t-test at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women in Yazd city was 7.2%, including 25 cases (4.5%) in the first trimester, and 22 cases (4%) in the second trimester of pregnancy. No significant correlations were observed between anemia and maternal age, education level, occupation status, neonatal sex, mode of delivery, high-risk pregnancy and birth weight (P>0.05). However, the prevalence of anemia was significantly different in various regions of the city, and the neonates of anemic mothers had significantly lower head circumference compared to the neonates of the mothers without anemia (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of anemia seems to be relatively lower in Yazd compared to the other regions in Iran, which could be attributed to the expansion of healthcare services and implementation of preventive intervention programs in these areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anemia
  • pregnancy
  • Prevalence

مراجع

  1. Xiong X, Buekens P, Alexander S, Demianczuk N, Wollast E. Anemia during pregnancy and birth outcome: a meta-analysis. Am J Perinatol 2000; 17(3):137-46.
  2. Brabin BJ, Hakimi M, Pelletier D. An analysis of anemia and pregnancy-related maternal mortality. J Nutr 2001; 131(2):604S-14S.
  3. Levy A, Fraser D, Katz M, Mazor M, Sheiner E. Maternal anemia during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for low birthweight and preterm delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005; 122(2):182-6.
  4. Akbarzadeh M, Tabatabaee H, Ramzi M. Comparison of the prevalence of anemia in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy in a medical and educational center in Shiraz. Sci J Iran Blood Trans Organ 2011; 8(3):1-9.
  5. Sifakis S, Pharmakides G. Anemia in pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 900(1):125-36.
  6. Massot C, Vanderpas J. A survey of iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy in Belgium: analysis of routine hospital laboratory data in Mons. Acta Clin Belg 2003; 58(3):169-77.
  7. Bothwell TH. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(1):257S-64S.
  8. Chowdhury S, Rahman M, Moniruddin A. Anemia in pregnancy. Med Today 2014; 26(1):49-52.
  9. Karimi M, Mirzaei M, Dehghani A. Prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in 6-60 month old children in Yazd's rural area. Int Pediatr 2004; 19(3):180-4.
  10. Mostajeran M, Hassanzadeh A, Toloei-Azar A, Majlessi F, Shariat M, Aghdak P. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in unwanted and high risk pregnancies in Isfahan Province, Iran. Health Syst Res 2013; 9(1):66-75.
  11. Rahbar N, Ghorbani R, Rezaei Ahvanoei F. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and its complications in pregnant women referred to medical-health centers in Semnan. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2014; 17(128):12-7. (Persian).
  12. Saghafi N, Mihan S, Abrishami F. Assessment of the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women referring to Ghaem Hospital. Irania J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(163):1-7. (Persian).
  13. Azami M, Darvishi Z, Borji M, Sayehmiri K. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Iran (2005-2016): a systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Sch Public Health Institute Public Health Res 2016; 14(1):15-30.
  14. Sayehmiri K, Darvishi Z, Azami M, Qavam S. The prevalence of anemia in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(168):7-15. (Persian).
  15. Saberi M, Rahmani S. The relationship between anemia during pregnancy and birth weight. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(142):6-10. (Persian).
  16. Azizi A. The prevalence of the causes of high-risk pregnancies in pregnant women of Sonqor city, 2011. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18(153):10-9. (Persian).
  17. Chaman R, Naieni KH, Golestan B, Nabavizadeh H, Yunesian M. Neonatal mortality risk factors in a rural part of Iran: a nested case-control study. Iran J Public Health 2009; 38(1):48-52.
  18. Forozan S. Survey micronutrient. Tehran, Iran: Andisheh e Mandegar; 2016.
  19. Shoori- Bidgoli AR, Abedini M, Ahmadi H, Haghvayeshi AA. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and its related factors in pregnant women who referred to health centers of Qom province in 2004. Iranian Nutrition Congress; Tabtiz University of Medical Sciences, Tabtiz, Iran; 2006. P. 10-4. (Persian).
  20. Sanayifar A, Emami Z, Rajabzade R, Sadeghi A, Hosseini SH. The prevalence of anemia and some of its related factors in the pregnant women referred to Bojnurd Health and Treatment Centers, 2014. Sadra Med Sci J 2015; 3(4):235-4. (Persian).
  21. Melku M, Addis Z, Alem M, Enawgaw B. Prevalence and predictors of maternal anemia during pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: an institutional based cross-sectional study. Anemia 2014; 2014:108593.
  22. Lokare PO, Karanjekar VD, Gattani PL, Kulkarni AP. A study of prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Aurangabad city, India. Ann Nigerian Med 2012; 6(1):30-4.
  23. Karaoglu L, Pehlivan E, Egri M, Deprem C, Gunes G, Genc MF, et al. The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey. BMC Public Health 2010; 10(1):329.
  24. Dim CC, Onah HE. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women at booking in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria. Med Gen Med 2007; 9(3):11.

Patil RS, Jitendra J, Patel A. Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. Indian J Appl Basic Med Sci 2010; 12b(15):45-50.

مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 21، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1397
صفحه 9-15

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار