Evaluation of the prevalence rate and risk factors associated with intrauterine growth retardation in Ilam province during 2014

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. student in Epidemiology, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

2 Associate professor, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

3 Assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursery and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

5 Professor, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a physiological and pathological process resulting in a slow fetal growth, and not only increases fetal mortality, but also is associated with adverse outcomes during infantile and adulthood. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with IUGR in Ilam province.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, at first, the prevalence of IUGR was measured by cross-sectional method among all newborns during 2014 in Ilam province. Then, by designing a case-control study, 781 newborns (247 cases and 534 controls) were enrolled. All the newborns with birth weight below than 10th percentile were selected as case group and the newborns with birth weight above the 10th percentile were considered as control group. They were selected via simple randomization method. The required information including demographic and clinical data was obtained from hospital records. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square and Fisher exact tests and logistic regression model. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The prevalence of IUGR among 9503 neonates in Ilam province during the study period was 2.8%. There was a significant relationship between IUGR and multiple pregnancy (P=0.0001), history of IUGR (P=0.02), mother's residency place (P=0.001), autoimmune diseases (P=0.03), kidney diseases (P=0.01), preeclampsia (P=0.0001), hyperemesis gravidarum (P=0.01), treated hypothyroidism (P=0.009) and mode of delivery (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of neonates born with IUGR in Ilam province was in accordance with global standards. Multiple pregnancy, history of IUGR, preeclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum, autoimmune and kidney diseases and rural residency increase the chance of IUGR.

Keywords

References

  1. Delaram M, Akbari N. Weight gain in pregnancy and its correlation with birth weight of infants. Knowl Health 2008; 3(2):39-43. (Persion).
  2. Mohamadian S, Vakili M, Tabande A. Survey ingredient preterm. Magaz Med Gillan 2001; 34:117-22. (Persion).
  3. Richard B. Neonatal perinatal medicine disease of fetus and infant Nelson. Trans: Rahimzade K. 4th ed. Tehran: Nur Danesh; 2003. P. 197-9.
  4. Jahanian Sadatmahale SH, Ziaei SA, Kazemnejad A. Effect of some risk factors associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). J Guilan Univ Med Sci 2011; 19(76):22-8. (Persion).
  5. Monajemzadeh SM, Nazari M. Evaluation of ponderal index among intrauterine growth retarded term neonates. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2007; 7(1):56-64.
  6. Mandruzzato G, Antsaklis A, Botet F, Chervenak FA, Figueras F, Grunebaum A, et al. Intrauterine restriction (IUGR). J Perinat Med 2008; 36(4):277-81.
  7. Smith J, Megan M, Yoga K. The IUGR infant: a case study and associated problems with IUGR infants. J Neonat Nurs 2013; 19(2):46-53.
  8. Naseh N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Behnia A, Saadatjoo SA. Prevalence and risk factors of SGA infants in Birjand hospitals. J Birjand Univ Med Sci 2005; 12(1-2):47-53. (Persion).
  9. Verma P, Chaudhary H. Understanding intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a review. J Biomed Sci 2016; 2(4):31-7.
  10. Mirzarahimi M, Saadati H, Brak M, Abasgholizadeh N, Azami A, Enteshari A. Incidence and risk factors for low-birth-weight infants. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci  2006; 9(1):69-79.
  11. Gutaj P, Wender-Ozegowska E. Diagnosis and management of IUGR in pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16(5):39.
  12. Mierzynski R, Dluski D, Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Leszczynska-Gorzelak B, Kimber-Trojnar Z, Oleszczuk J, et al. Intra-uterine growth retardation as a risk factor of postnatal metabolic disorders. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17(7):587-96.
  13. Sehested LT, Pedersen P. Prognosis and risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation. Dan Med J 2014; 61(4):A4826.
  14. Smith GC, Wood AM, Pell JP, Dobbie R. First cesarean birth and subsequent fertility. Fertil Steril 2006; 85(1):90-5.
  15. Zepeda-Monreal J, Rodríguez-Balderrama I, Del Carmen Ochoa-Correa E, de la O-Cavazos M, Ambriz-López R. Risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction in newborns attended in a university hospital. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2012; 50(2):173-81.
  16. Gaudineau A. Prevalence, risk factors, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality of intrauterine growth restriction and small-for-gestational age. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2013; 42(8):895-10.
  17. Fox NS, Rebarber A, Klauser CK, Roman AS, Saltzman DH. Intrauterine growth restriction in twin pregnancies: incidence and associated risk factors. Am J Perinatol 2011; 28(4):267-72.
  18. Nizard J. Prevention of IUGR. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2013; 42(8):1008-17.
  19. Puccio G, Giuffré M, Piccione M, Piro E, Malerba V, Corsello G. Intrauterine growth pattern and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies: a retrospective study. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40(1):43.
  20. Hung TH, Hsieh TT, Lo LM, Chiu TH, Hsieh CC, Hsu JJ. Risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with idiopathic small for gestational age Taiwanese newborns. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2013; 122(3):212-5.
  21. Eftekhar H, Aghamollaei T, Abedini S. Risk factors associated with IUGR infants in Bandar Abbas City. Payesh 2006; 6(3):201-8. (Persion).
  22. Wijs LA, de Graaff EC, Leemaqz S, Dekker G. Causes of stillbirth in a socio-economically disadvantaged urban australian population–a comprehensive analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30(23):2851-7.
  23. Ohana O, Holcberg G, Sergienko R, Sheiner E. Risk factors for intrauterine fetal death (1988–2009). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24(9):1079-83.
  24. Pilliod RA, Cheng YW, Snowden JM, Doss AE, Caughey AB. The risk of intrauterine fetal death in the small-for-gestational-age fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207(4):318.e1-6.
  25. Malik R, Khan NR, Arif A, Ayoub S, Perveen S. Common risk factors in patients with intrauterine fetal death. J Postgrad Med Instit 2016; 30(4):337-41.
  26. Anderson NH, Sadler LC, Stewart AW, Fyfe EM, McCowan LM. Independent risk factors for infants who are small for gestational age by customised birthweight centiles in a multi‐ethnic New Zealand population. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 53(2):136-42.
  27. Harmon AC, Cornelius DC, Amaral LM, Faulkner JL, Cunningham MW Jr, Wallace K, et al. The role of inflammation in the pathology of preeclampsia. Clin Sci 2016; 130(6):409-19.
  28. Lisonkova S, Sheps SB, Janssen PA, Lee SK, Dahlgren L, MacNab YC. Birth outcomes among older mothers in rural versus urban areas: a residence‐based approach. J Rural Health 2011; 27(2):211-9.
  29. Kananura RM, Tetui M, Mutebi A, Bua JN, Waiswa P, Kiwanuka SN, et al. The neonatal mortality and its determinants in rural communities of Eastern Uganda. Reprod Health 2016; 13(1):13.
  30. Vlachodimitropoulou Koumoutsea E, Gosh S, Manmatharajah B, Ray A, Igwe-Omoke N, Yoong W. Pregnancy outcomes in severe hyperemesis gravidarum in a multi-ethnic population. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 33(5):455-8.
  31. Buyukkayaci Duman N, Ozcan O, Bostanci MO. Hyperemesis gravidarum affects maternal sanity, thyroid hormones and fetal health: a prospective case control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292(2):307-12.
  32. Hastoy A, Lien TP, Lakestani O, Barau G, Gérardin P, Boukerrou M. Hyperemesis gravidarum and pregnancy outcomes. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2015; 44(2):154-63.
  33. Chen CY, Chen YH, Lin HC, Chen SF, Lin HC. Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for hospitalisation of women with lupus during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28(1):49-55.
  34. Bharti B, Lee SJ, Lindsay SP, Wingard DL, Jones KL, Lemus H, et al. Disease severity and pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the organization of teratology information specialists autoimmune diseases in pregnancy project. J Rheumatol 2015; 42(8):1379-82.
  35. Amaliev GM, Uchikova E, Malinova M. Chronic renal failure and pregnancy--a case report. Akush Ginekol 2014; 54(3):40-2.
  36. Nadeau-Fredette AC, Hladunewich M, Hui D, Keunen J, Chan CT. End-stage renal disease and pregnancy. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2013; 20(3):246-52.
  37. Meena DS, Bhati I, Bora S, Meena S. Study of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015; 4(9):91-7.
  38. Maraka S, Singh Ospina NM, O'Keeffe DT, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Wi CI, et al. Effects of levothyroxine therapy on pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2016; 26(7):980-6.
  39. Lopamudra JB, Reddi RP, Ghose S. Outcome of clinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a case control study. Int J Reprod Contracep Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5(6):1996-9.
  40. Shah PK, Chaudhari HK, Mathias DA. To study and compare the obstetric and neonatal outcome of pregnancies complicated with hypothyroidism amongst antenatally detected and treated hypothyroid patients and patients found to be hypothyroid at the time of labor. Int J Reprod Contracep Obstet Gynecol 2016; 5(7):2097-100.
  41. Werner EF, Savitz DA, Janevic TM, Ehsanipoor RM, Thung SF, Funai EF, et al. Mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes in preterm, small-for-gestational-age newborns. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120(3):560-4.
  42. Hasmasanu MG, Bolboaca SD, Baizat MI, Drugan TC, Zaharie GC. Neonatal short-term outcomes in infants with intrauterine growth restriction. Saudi Med J 2015; 36(8):947-53.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 20, Issue 10
January 2018
Pages 95-104

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics