The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccines in prevention of Cervical Cancer, review article

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Associate professor, Department of Gynecology Oncology, Women's Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Resident, Department of Surgical Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction:Cervical cancer is a major cause of women's mortality at reproductive age in developing countries and is the fourth malignant disease of women in the world. 95% of cervical cancers are related to HPV. This study was performed with aim to investigate the role of vaccine in preventing HPV and cervical cancer.
Methods: in this review article, the information was obtained through searching in databases of Pubmed, ISI, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Google search by entering the keywords of virus or Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer during 2004 to 2015. Inclusion criteria for entering the studies in this research included the searching keywords being mentioned in title or keywords of the articles. The articles with incomplete data and articles which were less relevant to the subject were excluded.
 
Results: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is self-limiting. HPV causes oral-anal premalignant lesions in men and women which may progress to malignancy. HPV vaccination prevents from HPV infections that accompany the development of oral-anal cancer including cervical cancer and genital warts.
Conclusion: HPV vaccination has high effect and immunogenicity and causes acceptable safety. According to studies, the Gardasil vaccine can protect against cervical cancer up to 90%, while new nine-vaccine is effective up to 97% against high degree malignant cancers with a of cervical and vaginal vulva. The increasing knowledge about prevalence of HPV and transmission ways and pathology and treatment vaccine of this virus leads to an improvement in disease control and ultimately controlling the consequences of this virus and the possible eradicating of cervical cancer in the coming decades. 

Keywords

References

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 19, Issue 21
August 2016
Pages 22-29

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