Association of Common Single Nucleotides Polymorphisms within Inherited Thrombophilia with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Female Population of Iran: A Narrative Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

2 M.Sc. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

10.22038/ijogi.2025.89944.6507

Abstract

Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as at least two pregnancy losses up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Various genetic, immunologic, and anatomic etiologies lead to recurrent pregnancy loss; however, about 50% of them remain idiopathic. Among the possible causes, the role of different inherited thrombophilia polymorphisms as one of the effective factors in recurrent pregnancy loss still remains unclear. The present review study was conducted with aim to investigate the association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms in hereditary thrombophilia with recurrent pregnancy losses in female population of Iran.
Methods: In this review study, using keywords including “Thrombophilia”, “Recurrent pregnancy loss”, “Recurrent miscarriage”, “Single Nucleotide Polymorphism”, “MTHFR polymorphism”, “Prothrombin G20210A”, “PAI-1 polymorphism”, “Factor XIII V34L”, and “Iran”, all articles in English or Persian investigating the association between common single nucleotide polymorphisms within inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss in female population of Iran from 2008 to 2025 were evaluated.
Results: In the initial search, 788 results were found. Following the screening based on the titles, abstracts, and full texts according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally, 23 articles remained for the data extraction. The results showed that while there was no consistent evidence for FVL G1691A and FII G20210A polymorphisms in the Iranian population, MTHFR and PAI-1 4G/4G gene polymorphisms showed more consistent association in the studies.
Conclusion: A review of the available evidence in Iran showed that the MTHFR and PAI-1 4G/4G polymorphisms are likely to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss, while the evidence for FVL G1691A and FII G20210A was inconsistent, and for FXIII V34L, a significant association was mostly not reported. These findings emphasize the need for more standardized studies based on larger populations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 28, Issue 12
February 2026
Pages 66-91

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