Gestational diabetes and its relationship with social determinants of health according to World Health Organization Model: Systematic Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 PhD Student of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a growing health problem around the world and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy which have many negative impacts on mother and fetus. This study was performed with aim to investigate the articles which have been published on gestational diabetes and the relationship of gestational diabetes with social determinants of health in Iran.
Methods: In this systematic review, the published articles in databases such as Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched. Comprehensive search was done with the keywords of Gestational Diabetes, Risk factors, structural determinants, Intermediary determinants, Prevalence, Iran for Persian articles and their English equivalents for English article.  After completion of searching and evaluation of the articles by a checklist, 42 articles which were performed from 2000 to 2015 in Iran were enrolled in study.
Results: Among 42 assessed articles, 14 articles reported GDM related factors, 8 articles reported GDM related factors and prevalence of GDM and 20 articles only reported the prevalence of gestational diabetes. The prevalence of GDM has been reported between 1.25 to 29.9%. GDM related factors in the articles included structural determinants (education, occupation, income, social class and ethnicity), intermediate determinants (stress, social support, violence, food insecurity and incorrect health behaviors) and health cares.
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is a common problem which is associated with several factors of social determinants of health. Therefore, adopting appropriate interventions in many cases including training, self-care and increasing pregnancy care seems to be necessary to reduce theses consequences and their following complications in high risk people.         

Keywords

References

  1. Wahi P, Dogra V, Jandial K, Bhagat R, Gupta R, Gupta S, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its outcomes in Jammu region. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59(4):227-30.
  2. Ju H, Rumbold AR, Willson KJ, Crowther CA. Borderline gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2008; 8(1):31.
  3. Garshasbi A, Faghihzadeh S, Naghizadeh MM, Ghavam M. Prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in Tehran. J Fam Reprod Health 2008; 2(2):75-80.
  4. Larijani B. A review on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in different regions of Iran. J Diabet Metab Disord 2009; 8:7.
  5. Sayehmiri F, Bakhtyari S, Darvishi P, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iran: A Systematic
  6. Kariman N, Alamolhoda SH, Panah H, Alavi Majd H. Relationship between cigarette smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus. ZUMS J 2010; 18(71):34-41.
  7. Motlagh M, Olaii-manesh A, Beheshtian M. Health and social determinants of health strategies for justice and fair opportunities for all. Secretariat of the social determinants of health and promote equity in health, Health Department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Tehran: Successful Publishing; 2008.
  8. Wilkinson RG, Marmot MG. Social determinants of health: the solid facts. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
  9. Bahadori M, Sanaeinasab H, Ghanei M, Mehrabi Tavana A, Ravangard R, Karamali M. The social determinants of health in military forces of Iran: a qualitative study. J Environ Public Health 2015; 2015:1-15.
  10. Dolatian M, Mirabzadeh A, Forouzan AS, Sajjadi H, Majd HA, Moaf F. Preterm delivery and psycho-social determinants of health based on World Health Organization model in Iran: a narrative review. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 5(1):52-64.
  11. Dolatian M, Mirabzadeh A, Forouzan AS, Sajjadi H, Alavimajd H, Mahmoodi Z, et al. Relationship between structural and intermediary determinants of health and preterm delivery. J Reprod Infertil 2014; 15(2):78-86.
  12. Hojaji E, Zavoshy R, Noroozi M, Jahanihashemi H, Ezzedin N. Assessment of household food security and its relationship with some pregnancy complications. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(123):89-100.
  13. Javid FM, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Majd HA. Comparison of lifestyles of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. Global J Health Sci 2015; 7(2):162.
  14. Bagheri RO, Hekmat KH, Abedi PA, Tabesh HA, Omidifar Z. Relationship of gestational diabetes with serum levels of retinol. Koomesh 2014; 15(4):551-6.
  15. Woods SM, Melville JL, Guo Y, Fan MY, Gavin A. Psychosocial stress during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202(1):61-7.
  16. Silveira ML. Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes in hispanic women. 141st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition (November 2-November 6, 2013). New York: American Public Health Association; 2013.
  17. Seligman HK, Laraia BA, Kushel MB. Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. J Nutr 2010; 140(2):304-10.
  18. Laraia BA, Siega-Riz AM, Gundersen C. Household food insecurity is associated with self-reported pregravid weight status, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy complications. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110(5):692-701.
  19. Idalski Carcone A, Ellis DA, Weisz A, Naar-King S. Social support for diabetes illness management: supporting adolescents and caregivers. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011; 32(8):581-90.
  20. England LJ, Levine RJ, Qian C, Soule LM, Schisterman EF, Kai FY, et al. Glucose tolerance and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in nulliparous women who smoke during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 160(12):1205-13.
  21. Roelands J, Jamison MG, Lyerly AD, James AH. Consequences of smoking during pregnancy on maternal health. J Womens Health 2009; 18(6):867-72.
  22. Navaii L, Kimiagar M, Kheykhahi M, Azizi F. Epidemiology of gestational diabetes in Tehran. J Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci 2001; 26(3):217-23.
  23. Rahimi G. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to Ardabil city health. Res Sci J Ardebil Univ Med Sci Health Ser 2004; 4(3):32-9.
  24. Nabavipour I, Karimi F, Jafari M, Gholamzadeh F. Selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Bushehr, based on a 50-gram glucose challenge test. J Diabet Metab Disord 2003; 2(1):45-51. (Persian).
  25. Shahbazian H, Nouhjah S, Shahbazian N, Jahanfar S, Latifi SM, Aleali A, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus in an Iranian pregnant population using IADPSG criteria: Incidence, contributing factors and outcomes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10(4):242-6.
  26. Dorostkar H, Zare NZ, Mahvar AA, Goodarzi MT. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in different age groups in Razan, Iran 2014. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(127):74-81. (Persian).
  27. Fardi AZ, Abdolahifard S, Najafipor F, Shahr AE. Evaluation of maternal complication of overt and gestational diabetes. Iran J Obstet Gyneocol Infertil 2007; 10(1):17-24. (Persian).
  28. Atashzadeh Shorideh F. Frequency of gestational diabetes and its related factors in pregnant women in Prenatal Clinics of Educational Hospitals, in Tehran (Oct 2000-March 2002). J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2006; 5(3):175-80. (Persian).
  29. Asnafi N, Taheri B. Frequency of gestational diabetes in Babol 2002-2003. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2005; 8(4):13-7. (Persian).
  30. Hedayati H, Khazaee T, Mogharrab M, Sharifzadeh GR. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and overt diabetes in perganant women in Birjand. Modern Care J 2012; 8(4):238-44.
  31. Keshavarz M, Cheung NW, Babaee GR, Moghadam HK, Ajami ME, Shariati M. Gestational diabetes in Iran: incidence, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 2005; 69(3):279-86.
  32. Manafi M, Khadem-Ansari M. Gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian women: a rising rate. Acta Endocrinol 2013; 9(1):71-8.
  33. Ashrafi M, Sheikhan F, Arabipoor A, Hosseini R, Nourbakhsh F, Zolfaghari Z. Gestational diabetes mellitus risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 181:195-9.
  34. Bouzari Z, Yazdani S, Abedi Samakosh M, Mohammadnataj M, Emami S. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in pregnant women referred to health centers of Babol, Iran, from September 2010 to March 2012. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2013; 16(43):6-13. (Persian).
  35. Vakili M, Rahimi Pardanjani S, Alipour N, Taheri M, Baeradeh N, Hashemi A. The prevalence of gestational diabetes and associated factors in pregnant women referred to health care centers of Yazd in 2012. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2015; 21(6):1214-24. (Persian).
  36. Hematyar M, Khabiri M. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and comparison of mean maternal age in healthy and gestational diabetic patients at Javaheri hospital (2003-2006). Prevalence 2008; 12(1):69-72. (Persian).
  37. Rahimi M, Dinari Z, Najafi F. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in Kermanshah 2009. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2010; 14(3):244-50.
  38. Mohammadzadeh F, Eshghinia S, Vakili MA. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Gorgan, north of Iran. Selective or universal screening test is cost-effective? Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2012; 35:225.
  39. Hadaegh F, Tohidi M, Harati H, Kheirandish M, Rahimi S. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in southern Iran (Bandar Abbas City). Endocr Pract 2005; 11(5):313-8.
  40. Monafi M, Khadem Ansari M, Ranbiipour S, Hajir MS. Gestation diabetes mellitus incidence in the pregnant women referred to urmia medical centers. Urmia Univ Med J 2008; 19(2):158-62. (Persian).
  41. Hossein-Nezhad A, Maghbooli Z, Vassigh AR, Larijani B. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes in Iranian women. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 46(3):236-41.
  42. Shahbazian HB, Shahbazian N, Yarahmadi M, Saiedi S. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women referring to gynecology and obstetrics clinics. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2012; 11(2):113-21. (Persian).
  43. Kamali S, Shahnam F, Puormemari M. Relationship results using 75 g oral glucose screening test for gestational diabetes during pregnancy with adverse effects. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci 2003; 11(43):17-25. (Persian).
  44. Goli M, Hemmat AR, Foroughipour A. Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian pregnant women. Health Syst Res 2012; 8(2):282-9. (Persian).
  45. Ashrafi M, Gosili R, Hosseini R, Arabipoor A, Ahmadi J, Chehrazi M. Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 176:149-52.
  46. Shahdadi H, Mohammad PH, Rahnama M, Dindar M, Mastalizadeh H. Study BMI and demographic variables in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs 2015; 3(3):42-50. (Persian).
  47. Mirfeyzi M, Aziarian A, Mirheydari M. The frequency of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in pregnant women of Karaj. Iran J Diabetes Metabol 2010; 9(4):376-82. (Persian).
  48. Abolfazl M, Hamidreza TS, Narges M, Maryam Y. Gestational diabetes and its association with unpleasant outcomes of pregnancy. Pak J Med Sci 2008; 24(4):566-70.
  49. Mokhlesi S, Momenzadeh F, Mohebi S, Moghadam Banaem L. Relationships between Iron and Zinc Serum Levels in early second trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. J Alborz Univ Med Sci 2014; 3(3):127-32. (Persian).
  50. Shirazian N, Emdadi R, Mahboubi M, Motevallian A, Fazel-Sarjuei Z, Sedighpour N, et al. Screening for gestational diabetes: usefulness of clinical risk factors. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 280(6):933-7.
  51. Nasiri AF, Basirat Z, Sharbatdaran M, Pouramir M, Hajian K, Omidvar S. Comparison of hemoglobin concentration and body iron stores in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2011; 13(2):32-8. (Persian).
  52. Khosravi S, Alavi Naeini AM, Ghorbani M, Shateri Z. Association between food insecurity and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. J Sch Public Health Instit Public Health Res 2015; 13(3):73-84.
  53. Zokaie M, Majlesi F, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Esmail-Nasab N. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in Sanandaj, Iran. Chron Dis J 2014; 2(1):1-9.
  54. Amiri FN, Basirat Z, Omidvar S, Sharbatdaran M, Tilaki KH, Pouramir M. Comparison of the serum iron, ferritin levels and total iron-binding capacity between pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes. J Natural Sci Biol Med 2013; 4(2):302.
  55. Abdollahpour S, Ramezani S, Khosravi A. Perceived social support among family in pregnant women. Int J Pediatr 2015; 3(5.1):879-88.
  56. Faramarzi M, Esmaelzadeh S, Mosavi S. Prevalence, maternal complications and birth outcome of physical, sexual and emotional domestic violence during pregnancy. Acta Med Iran 2005; 43(2):115-22.
  57. Karajibani M, Montazerifar F. The relationship between some risk factors and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women referred to health and treatment centers in Zahedan, Iran, in 2012. Iran J Health Sci 2015; 3(1):44-51.
  58. Akhondan M, Mirmiran P, Rashidkhani B, Asghari G. The relationship between dietary patterns and gestational diabetes. Iran J Diabet Metab 2011; 11(3):309-20. (Persian).
  59. Tabatabaee A, Falah Z, Haghighi S, Farmani M, Hori N, Eslamian Z, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women of Isfahan, Iran. J Endocrinol Metab 2006; 9(3):251-9. (Persian).
  60. Alamolhoda S, Kariman N, Hoseinpanah F, Alavi Majd H. Relationship between maternal hemoglobin level in first trimester with gestational diabetes mellitus. Iran J Endocrinol Metab 2010; 11(6):661-6. (Persian).
  61. Edalat B, Sharifi F, Badamchizadeh Z, Hossein-Nezhad A, Larijani B, Mirarefin M, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome with inflammatory mediators in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabet Metab Disord 2013; 12(1):1.
  62. Esakoff TF, Cheng YW, Caughey AB. Screening for gestational diabetes: different cut-offs for different ethnicities? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193(3):1040-4.
  63. Savitz DA, Janevic TM, Engel SM, Kaufman JS, Herring AH. Ethnicity and gestational diabetes in New York City, 1995–2003. BJOG 2008; 115(8):969-78.
  64. Jenum AK, Mørkrid K, Sletner L, Vange S, Torper JL, Nakstad B, et al. Impact of ethnicity on gestational diabetes identified with the WHO and the modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166(2):317-24.
  65. Zarbakh Bahri M, Hoseinian S, Afrooz G, Homan H. The comparison of many biological characteristics, economical conditions, general health (Mental), of mothers with low and normal birth weight at Guilan province. J Payavard Salamat 2011; 5(5):67-78. (Persian).
  66. Alizadeh M, Dastgiri S, Taghavi S, Khanlarzadeh E, Khamnian Z, Jafarabadi MA, et al. The relationship between social determinants of health and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Tabriz. J Clin Res Govern 2014; 3(2):152-7.
  67. Chan CW, Hon HC, Chien WT, Lopez V. Social support and coping in Chinese patients undergoing cancer surgery. Cancer Nurs 2004; 27(3):230-6.
  68. Elsenbruch S, Benson S, Rücke M, Rose M, Dudenhausen J, Pincus-Knackstedt MK, et al. Social support during pregnancy: effects on maternal depressive symptoms, smoking and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod 2007; 22(3):869-77.
  69. Bovier PA, Chamot E, Perneger TV. Perceived stress, internal resources, and social support as determinants of mental health among young adults. Qual Life Res 2004; 13(1):161-70.
  70. Zachariah R. Social support, life stress, and anxiety as predictors of pregnancy complications in low‐income women. Res Nurs Health 2009; 32(4):391-404.
  71. Seligman HK, Bindman AB, Vittinghoff E, Kanaya AM, Kushel MB. Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. J Gen Intern Med 2007; 22(7):1018-23.
  72. Lee JS. Food insecurity and healthcare costs: research strategies using local, state, and national data sources for older adults. Adv Nutr 2013; 4(1):42–50.
  73. Alaimo K, Olson C, Frongillo EA Jr. Low family income and food insufficiency in relation to overweight in US children: is there a paradox? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155(10):1161-7.
  74. Townsend MS, Peerson J, Love B, Achterberg C, Murphy SP. Food insecurity is positively related to overweight in women. J Nutr 2001; 131(6):1738-45.
  75. Yaemsiri S, Olson EC, He K, Kerker BD. Food concern and its associations with obesity and diabetes among lower-income New Yorkers. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15(1):39–47.
  76. Terry PD, Weiderpass E, Östenson CG, Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking and the risk of gestational and pregestational diabetes in two consecutive pregnancies. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(11):2994-8.
  77. Toughyani R, Ramezani MA, Izadi M, Motie Z. The effect of prenatal care group education on pregnant mothers' knowledge, attitude and practice. Iran J Med Educ 2008; 7(2):317-24.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 19, Issue 40
March 2017
Pages 6-18

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics