The effect of Zizyphus Jujuba fruit lotion on improvement of nipple fissure pain in breastfeeding primipara women

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Pain and nipple fissure are the most common problems during the lactating period, which can lead to an early stop of breastfeeding. Zizyphus Jujuba fruit is one of the oldest medical species, which contains anesthetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of Zizyphus Jujuba fruit lotion on soothing nipple pain.
Methods: This double-blind, clinical trial was performed on 100 primipara women with sore nipple in the gynecology clinic of Qaem Hospital of Kerman, Iran, in 2015.  The participants were randomly divided into two groups of breast milk (n=50) and Zizyphus Jujuba fruit lotion (n=50). In one group, the breastfeeding women put 5 drops of their own milk on their nipples five times a day, and in the other group, the women put 0.5 ml of Zizyphus Jujuba fruit lotion on their nipples and areola five times a day after breastfeeding. The severity of pain was studied by using pain numerical scale before the intervention, on the third postpartum day, and after the intervention on the 7th and 14th postpartum days. To analyze the data, Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests were run, using SPSS version 22. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The severity of pain score between the two groups was not significantly different before the intervention. However, this amount indicated a significant difference between the two groups on the 7th and 14th days after the intervention (P=0.02, P=0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: It seems that Zizyphus Jujuba fruit lotion can lower sore nipple pain faster than breast milk, but more studies are required on this issue.

Keywords

References

  1. Soheili F, Alizadeh S, Hassani M, Bastami P. The pathologic assessment of breast masses, before and after menopause. Iran Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2013; 16(68):21-7. (Persian).
  2. Karimi A, Moradi Z, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Sayehmiri F. Investigation of 1 to 10-year survival of breast cancer in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2016; 19(22):17-25. (Persian).
  3. Adjogatse D, Thanopoulou E, Okines A, Thillai K, Tasker F, Johnston SR, et al. Febrile neutropaenia and chemotherapy discontinuation in women aged 70 years or older receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Clin Oncol 2014; 26(11):692-6.
  4. Jensen JD, Cold S, Nielsen MH, Jylling AM, Søe KL, Larsen LB, et al. Trends in breast cancer in the elderly in Denmark, 1980-2012. Acta Oncol 2016; 55(Suppl 1):59-64.
  5. Extermann M, Balducci L, Lyman GH. What threshold for adjuvant therapy in older breast cancer patients? J Clin Oncol 2000; 18(8):1709-17.
  6. Litvak DA, Arora R. Treatment of elderly breast cancer patients in a community hospital setting. Arch Surg 2006; 141(10):985-90.
  7. de Glas NA, Kiderlen M, de Craen AJ, Hamaker ME, Portielje JE, van de Velde CJ, et al. Assessing treatment effects in older breast cancer patients: systematic review of observational research methods. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41(3):254-61.
  8. Benevento R, Santoriello A, Gambardella A, Mocerino C, Perna G, Gambardella C, et al. The role of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in elderly breast cancer patients. BMC Geriat 2010; 10(1):A3.
  9. Valassiadou K, Morgan DA, Robertson JF, Pinder SE, Cheung KL. Successful management of elderly breast cancer patients treated without radiotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2007; 5:62.
  10. Li JJ, Yu KD, Di GH, Shao ZM. Clinicopathological features and treatment sensitivity of elderly Chinese breast cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2010; 1(6):1037-43.
  11. Rocco N, Iannone L, Rispoli C, De Vito D, Accurso A. Early breast cancer in elderly women: surgery or primary endocrine therapy? BMC Geriat 2010; 10(1):A31.
  12. Malik MK, Tartter PI, Belfer R. Undertreated breast cancer in the elderly. J Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 2013:893104.
  13. Dimitrakopoulos F, Kottorou A, Antonacopoulou AG, Makatsoris T, Kalofonos HP. Early-stage breast cancer in the elderly: confronting an old clinical problem. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18(3):207-17.
  14. Mousavi SM, Montazeri A, Mohagheghi MA, Jarrahi AM, Harirchi I, Najafi M, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: an epidemiological review. Breast J 2007; 13(4):383-91.
  15. Villari SA, Famà F, Scarfò P, Pollicino A, Florio MG. Tailored surgery in elderly patients with breast cancer: our experience. BMC Geriat 2010; 10(Suppl 1):A38.
  16. Wang H, Singh AP, Luce SA, Go AR. Breast cancer treatment practices in elderly women in a community hospital. Int J Breast Cancer 2011; 2011:467906.

Angarita FA, Chesney T, Elser C, Mulligan AM, McCready DR, Escallon J. Treatment patterns of elderly breast cancer patients at two Canadian cancer centers. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41(5):625-34.

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 19, Issue 35
December 2016
Pages 13-21

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics