Antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic leave extracts of Lippia citriodora on postpartum depression in mice

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, New Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 general practitioner of pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, New Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum depression has harmful effects on mother and infant. Regarding the sedative effects of infusion Lippia citriodora (L.C) or lemon verbena in traditional medicine, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of aqueous and alcoholic leave extracts of L.C on postpartum depression.
Methods: This animal study was performed in 2018 on female mice in Mashhad Pharmacy School.   At first, postpartum depression was induced by progesterone injection (IP) (progesterone at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for five days, three days without progesterone, then normal saline was injected at eight day). After depression induction (compare with control group, and doing the FST (forced swimming test) and TST (tail suspension test)), the aqueous and ethanolic leave extracts of Lippia citriodora (50,100 and 200 mg/Kg) were injected (IP) to depressed mice in different groups and then TST and FST were performed after one hour. Statistical analysis was performed by Unpaired T test and One-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism software. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Results: The aqueous (200 mg/kg) and ethanolic (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) extracts significantly reduced the immobility time in FST and TST tests (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanolic leave extracts of L.C possess anti-depressant effects in postpartum depression. It seems that the ethanolic extract of LC is more potent than the aqueous extract due to the high level of verbascoside.

Keywords

References

  1. Arcangelo WP, Poterson AM. Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice. A Practical Approach. New York: Lippincott; 2001.
  2. Tannous L, Gigante LP, Fuchs SC, Busnello ED. Postnatal depression in Southern Brazil: prevalence and its demographic and socioeconomic determinants. BMC psychiatry 2008; 8(1):1-8.
  3. McCoy SJ, Beal JM, Shipman SB, Payton ME, Watson GH. Risk factors for postpartum depression: a retrospective investigation at 4-weeks postnatal and a review of the literature. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 2006; 106(4):193-8.
  4. Quirantes-Piné R, Herranz-López M, Funes L, Borrás-Linares I, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, et al. Phenylpropanoids and their metabolites are the major compounds responsible for blood-cell protection against oxidative stress after administration of Lippia citriodora in rats. Phytomedicine 2013; 20(12):1112-8.
  5. Yousefzadeh N, Meshkatalsadat MH. Quantitative and qualitative study of bioactive compounds of essential oils of plant Lippia citriodora by use of GC-MS technique. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences 2013; 2(2S):964-8.
  6. Valentao P, Fernandes E, Carvalho F, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, de Lourdes Bastos M. Studies on the antioxidant activity of Lippia citriodora infusion: scavenging effect on superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2002; 25(10):1324-7.
  7. Pascual ME, Slowing K, Carretero E, Mata DS, Villar A. Lippia: traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: a review. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2001; 76(3):201-14.
  8. Sheng GQ, Zhang JR, Pu XP, Ma J, Li CL. Protective effect of verbascoside on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. European journal of pharmacology 2002; 451(2):119-24.
  9. Sanchez PM, Villarreal ML, Herrera-Ruiz M, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Trejo-Tapia G. In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of extracts from wild growing and in vitro plants of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth.(Orobanchaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2013; 150(3):1032-7.
  10. Honarmand MM, Arzi A, Aghal N, Goodarzi S. Anti-nociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia citriodora kunth in rat using formalin test. Toxicology Letters 2011; 205:9.
  11. Amin B, Noorani R, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of ethanolic extract of Lippia citriodora on rats with chronic constriction injury of neuropathic pain. Cell Journal (Yakhteh) 2018; 19(4):528-36.
  12. Amin B, Poureshagh E, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of verbascoside in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats. Phytotherapy Research 2016; 30(1):128-35.
  13. Lenoir L, Rossary A, Joubert-Zakeyh J, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Farges MC, Fraisse D, et al. Lemon verbena infusion consumption attenuates oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in the rat. Digestive diseases and sciences 2011; 56(12):3534-45.
  14. Sartoratto A, Machado AL, Delarmelina C, Figueira GM, Duarte MC, Rehder VL. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 2004; 35:275-80.
  15. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical microbiology reviews 1999; 12(4):564-82.
  16. Bazzaz BS, Khameneh B, Ostad MR, Hosseinzadeh H. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of verbascoside, lemon verbena extract and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine 2018; 8(3):246-53.
  17. Etemad L, Oskouei Shirvan Z, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Adel Moallem S, Zafari R, Hosseinzadeh H. Acute, subacute, and cell toxicity of the aqueous extract of Lippia citriodora. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products 2016; 11(3).
  18. Etemad L, Zafari R, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Adel Moallem S, Shirvan ZO, Hosseinzadeh H. Acute, sub-acute and cell toxicity of verbascoside. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 2015; 9(7):354-60.
  19. Portmann E, Nigro MM, Reides CG, Llesuy S, Ricco RA, Wagner ML, et al. Aqueous extracts of Lippia turbinata and Aloysia citriodora (Verbenaceae): assessment of antioxidant capacity and DNA damage. International journal of toxicology 2012; 31(2):192-202.
  20. Hassani FV, Naseri V, Razavi BM, Mehri S, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidepressant effects of crocin and its effects on transcript and protein levels of CREB, BDNF, and VGF in rat hippocampus. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014; 22(1):1-9.
  21. Razavi BM, Zargarani N, Hosseinzadeh H. Anti-anxiety and hypnotic effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lippia citriodora leaves and verbascoside in mice. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine 2017; 7(4):353-65.
  22. Beckley EH, Finn DA. Inhibition of progesterone metabolism mimics the effect of progesterone withdrawal on forced swim test immobility. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2007; 87(4):412-9.
  23. Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology 1985; 85(3):367-70.
  24. Carola V, D'Olimpio F, Brunamonti E, Mangia F, Renzi P. Evaluation of the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests for the assessment of anxiety-related behaviour in inbred mice. Behavioural brain research 2002; 134(1-2):49-57.
  25. Cryan JF, Markou A, Lucki I. Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs. Trends in pharmacological sciences 2002; 23(5):238-45.
  26. Sylvén SM. Biological and Psychosocial Aspects of Postpartum Depression (Doctoral dissertation, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis); 2012.
  27. Weier KM, Beal MW. Complementary therapies as adjuncts in the treatment of postpartum depression. Journal of midwifery & women's health 2004; 49(2):96-104.
  28. Etemad L, Zafari R, Moallem SA, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Shirvan ZS, Hosseinzadeh H. Teratogenic effect of verbascoside, main constituent of Lippia citriodora leaves, in mice. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR 2016; 15(2):521-5.
  29. Shirvan ZO, Etemad L, Zafari R, Moallem SA, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Hosseinzadeh H. Teratogenic effect of Lippia citriodora leaves aqueous extract in mice. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine 2016; 6(2):175.
  30. Vogel HG, Vogel WH. Drug discovery and evaluation. Berlin Heidelberg 1997: 302-7.
  31. Can A, Dao DT, Terrillion CE, Piantadosi SC, Bhat S, Gould TD. The tail suspension test. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE 2012;(59).
  32. Boyko M, Kutz R, Grinshpun J, Zvenigorodsky V, Gruenbaum SE, Gruenbaum BF, et al. Establishment of an animal model of depression contagion. Behavioural brain research 2015; 281:358-63.
  33. Nikseresht S, Etebary S, Karimian M, Nabavizadeh F, Zarrindast MR, Sadeghipour HR. Acute administration of Zn, Mg, and thiamine improves postpartum depression conditions in mice. Archives of Iranian medicine 2012; 15(5):306-11.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 24, Issue 11
December 2021
Pages 1-9

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics