The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with serum lipids level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Farzaneh Shahrdami 1
Beitolah Alipour 2
Elham Roohelhami 1
Bahram Rashidkhani 3
1 M.Sc. of Health Sciences in Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Associate professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tahran, Iran.
10.22038/ijogi.2020.16290
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women and insulin resistance is one of the clinical features in this syndrome which plays an important role in improvement of lipid disorders. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load can affect blood lipid disorders. Because of limited studies in this field, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between dietary glycemic index/glycemic load and serum lipids level in women with PCOS.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 45 PCOS women and 45 healthy controls in Moheb Yas Women hospital of Tehran in 2016. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-h recall questionnaires, and glycemic index and glycemic load were calculated by standard methods. Lipid profile was measured and insulin resistance was calculated by the formula. Anthropometric measurements were conducted in all participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), and Independent T-test and correlation test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean of serum total cholesterol, insulin resistance and mean of glycemic index was significantly higher in the patients group than the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between glycemic load and insulin resistance, triglyceride and HDL-c in patients (r=0.388, r=0.401, r= -0.371, respectively (P<0.05). No significant relationship was found between glycemic index with biochemical markers in patients and controls (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Lifestyle modification like correct nutritional status and management of carbohydrate intake and reducing the dietary glycemic load may be effective in prevention or reducing the complications of disease such as lipid abnormalities.
Keywords
Glycemic index
Glycemic load
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Serum lipids level
  1. Couto Alves A, Valcarcel B, Mäkinen VP, Morin-Papunen L, Sebert S, Kangas AJ, et al. Metabolic profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome reveals interactions with abdominal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41(9):1331-1340.
  2. Kubota T. Update in polycystic ovary syndrome: new criteria of diagnosis and treatment in Japan. Reprod Med Biol 2013; 12(3):71-77.
  3. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81(1):19-25.
  4. Balen A. The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: trying to understand PCOS and its endocrinology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 18(5):685-706.
  5. Frayn KN. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Current Opinion in Lipidology 1993; 4(3):197-204.
  6. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Med 2001; 111(8):607-13.
  7. Dasgupta S, Reddy BM. Present status of understanding on the genetic etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Postgrad Med 2008; 54(2):115-25.
  8. Graff SK, Mário FM, Alves BC, Spritzer PM. Dietary glycemic index is associated with less favorable anthropometric and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome women with different phenotypes. Fertil Steril 2013; 100(4):1081-8.
  9. Saghafi-Asl M, Pirouzpanah S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Aliashrafi S, Sadein B. Lipid profile in relation to anthropometric indices and insulin resistance in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Health Promot Perspect 2013; 3(2):206-16.
  10. Silvera SA, Jain M, Howe GR, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and ovarian cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10(10):1076-81.
  11. Monro JA, Shaw M. Glycemic impact, glycemic glucose equivalents, glycemic index, and glycemic load: definitions, distinctions, and implications. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(1):237S-243S.
  12. Ford ES, Liu S. Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among US adults. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161(4):572-6.
  13. Slyper A, Jurva J, Pleuss J, Hoffmann R, Gutterman D. Influence of glycemic load on HDL cholesterol in youth. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81(2):376-9.
  14. Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Holmes MD, Hu FB, Hankinson SE, et al. Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73(3):560-6.
  15. Lin X, Chen C, Lin D, Xu M, Yuan Z, He F, et al. Dietary glycemic load and metabolic status in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in southeastern China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2018; 27(2):375-382.
  16. Min HS, Kang JY, Sung J, Kim MK. Blood triglycerides levels and dietary carbohydrate indices in healthy Koreans. J Prev Med Public Health 2016; 49(3):153-64.
  17. Mehrabani HH, Salehpour S, Amiri Z, Farahani SJ, Meyer BJ, Tahbaz F. Beneficial effects of a high-protein, low-glycemic-load hypocaloric diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled intervention study. J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 31(2):117-25.
  18. Douglas CC, Norris LE, Oster RA, Darnell BE, Azziz R, Gower BA. Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Fertil Steril 2006; 86(2):411-7.
  19. Bonora E, Targher G, Alberiche M, Bonadonna RC, Saggiani F, Zenere MB, et al. Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care 2000; 23(1):57-63.
  20. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18(6):499-502.
  21. Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76(1):5-56.
  22. Limkunakul C, Sundell MB, Pouliot B, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Ikizler TA. Glycemic load is associated with oxidative stress among prevalent maintenance hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29(5):1047-53.
  23. Eslamian G, Baghestani AR, Eghtesad S, Hekmatdoost A. Dietary carbohydrate composition is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case–control study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 30(1):90-97.
  24. Shishehgar F, Ramezani Tehrani F, Mirmiran P, Hajian S, Baghestani AR, Moslehi N. Comparison of dietary intake between polycystic ovary syndrome women and controls. Glob J Health Sci 2016; 8(9):54801.
  25. Barr S, Hart K, Reeves S, Sharp K, Jeanes Y. Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and insulin resistance in lean and overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2010; 69(OCE1):E126.
  26. Altieri P, Cavazza C, Pasqui F, Morselli AM, Gambineri A, Pasquali R. Dietary habits and their relationship with hormones and metabolism in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78(1):52-9.
  27. Chan TF, Tsai YC, Chiu PR, Chen YL, Lee CH, Tsai EM. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2010; 93(3):869-73.
  28. Pourghassem Gargari B, Houjeghani SH, Mahboob S, Farzadi L, Safaeian A, Hamed Behzad M. Relationship of serum leptin and ghrelin between insulin resistance and anthropometric indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2012; 15(1):1-7.
  29. Kumar AN, Naidu JN, Satyanarayana U, Ramalingam K, Anitha M. Metabolic and endocrine characteristics of Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Fertil Steril 2016; 10(1):22-8.
  30. Padalkar RK, Patil SM, Andure DV, Bhagat SS, Raut AM. Study of Hormone and Lipid Profile in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women between the Age 18 to 30 Years. JPBB 2017; 2(1):11.
  31. Rashidi H, Tafazoli M, Jalali MT, Eghbalnejad Mofrad AM. Serum lipid profile and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). J Diabetes Metab Disord Control 2018; 5(3):148-52.
  32. Holt S, Miller JC, Petocz P. An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66(5):1264-76.
  33. Wolever TM. Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans. Br J Nutr 2000; 83(Suppl 1):S97-102.
  34. Levitan EB, Cook NR, Stampfer MJ, Ridker PM, Rexrode KM, Buring JE, et al. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein. Metabolism 2008; 57(3):437-43.
  35. Afaghi A, Ziaee A, Afaghi M. Effect of low-glycemic load diet on changes in cardiovascular risk factors in poorly controlled diabetic patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16(6):991-5.
  36. Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Sohrab G, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Moslehi N, Azizi F. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Arch Iran Med 2013; 16(7):401-7.
  37. Shishebor F, Shamekhi Z, Karandish M, Latifi M. Correlation between Dietary Glycemic Index and Blood Lipids Abnormality as a Main Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis in Healthy Women from Ahvaz. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System 2016; 4(1):22-26.
  38. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2002; 287(18):2414-23.
  39. Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, White JV, Rossetti L. Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. J Clin Invest 1994; 93(6):2438-46.
  40. Rossetti L, Giaccari A, DeFronzo RA. Glucose toxicity. Diabetes Care 1990; 13(6):610-30.
  41. Reaven GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev 1995; 75(3):473-86.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 23, Issue 4
June 2020
Pages 54-61