Evaluation the Frequency and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Gynecologist, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

4 Ph.D. by Research, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: In most of women with gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance returns to normal after delivery. But there is a significant risk (30-60%) for getting diabetes mellitus in later years. In the lack of appropriate control and treatment of diabetes, the side effects will appear. The aim of this study was evaluating the frequency of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 110 women with prior GDM who admitted in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, 2009. Anthropometric indexes weremeasured and blood samples were taken to measure Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and glucose tolerance test 2 hours after taking 75gr glucose orally. Patients were divided into 4 groups: normal FBS, IFG, IGT and diabetic. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17, descriptive statistics tests, t-test and chi-square. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: There were 46 diabetic women (41.8%), 36 normal women (32.7%), 3 women with IGT (2.8%), 10 women with IFG (9.1%) and 15 women with IGT+IFG (13.6%). There were significant differences between gestational diabetes and risk of diabetes after pregnancy (p<0.001), IFG (p<0.001) and IFG+IGT (p<0.02). Significant difference was between gestational age in time of GDM and getting diabetes and IFG+IGT after delivery (p=0.001). There is a significant difference between higher age in women with GDM and getting diabetes after pregnancy (p<0.03). Significant difference was between number of infant with weight ≥ 4kg and risk of diabetes (p<0.001) and IGT (p<0.04).
Conclusion: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for developing diabetes after pregnancy. So annual follow up for diabetes after delivery was recommended.
 

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