Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women at 24-34 weeks of gestation, with symptoms of preterm labor with and without rupture of membrane

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 M.Sc. of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Gynecologist, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Group B streptococci (GBS) is as an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. GBS is colonized in 10-30% of pregnant women in the vagina or rectum. Transfer of mother-to-child GBS during delivery may result in invasive infection in the newborn during the first week of life. This study was performed with aim to compare the prevalence of GBS in pregnant women with gestational age of 24-34 weeks with symptoms of preterm labor with and without rupture of the membrane.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 50 pregnant women with gestational age of 24-34 weeks referred to Imam Reza (AS) Educational and Medical Center of Kermanshah with signs of preterm delivery in 2016. The subjects were divided into two groups of with rupture of membrane (case) and without rupture of the membrane (control). From the study population, the GBS cultures were collected at admission time from the vagina and were transferred to the medium. The results of culture and demographic information of mothers were compared in two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and chi-square and t-test. PResults: There was no significant difference in maternal age (P=0.246), gravidity (P=0.523), gestational age (P=0.716), and history of preterm delivery in previous pregnancies (P=0.942) between two groups of with and without rupture of the membrane. 2 cases (8%) of mothers with rupture of membrane and 1 case (4%) of mothers without rupture of membrane had positive GBS cultures, and the overall prevalence of GBS was estimated 6%.
Conclusion: The frequency of positive GBS culture is higher than in pregnant women with rupture of membrane than in pregnant mothers without rupture of membrane

Keywords

References

  1. Gibbs RS, Danforth DN. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 10nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Wiliams & Wikins; 2008. p. 728-900.
  2. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS. Wiliams obstetrics. 24nd ed.             New York: McGraw Hill Professional; 2014. p. 545-683.
  3. Flenady V, Hawley G, Stock OM, Kenyon S, Badawi N. Prophylactic  antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(12):CD000246.
  4. Kenyon S, Pike K, Jones D, Brocklehurst P, Marlow N, Salt A, et al. Has publication of  the results of the ORACLE children study changed practice in the UK? BJOG 2010; 117(11):1344-9.
  5. Zangooei M, Sharifzadeh GR, Karimi A, Gheytas H. The effect of antibiotic, Corticosteriod and Tocolytic in patient with PPROM on neonatal outcomes .Modern Care Journal 2011; 8(1):19-24
  6. Hutzal CE, Boyle EM, Kenyon SL, Nash JV, Winsor S, Taylor DJ, et al. Use of antibiotics for the treatment of preterm parturition and prevention of neonatal morbidity: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199(6): 620.e1-8.
  7. Group B Strep Infection GBS. American pregnancy Association; 2016.
  8. Thinkhamrop J, Hofmeyr GJ, Adetoro O, Lumbiganon P, Ota E. Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1:CD002250.
  9. Romero R, Sibai B, Caritis S, Paul R, Depp R, Rosen M, et al. Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with intact membranes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169(4):764-74.
  10. Rebecca D. Group B Strep in Pregnancy: Evidence for Antibiotices and Alternatives. 2013.
  11. Pararas MV, Skevaki CL, Kafetzis DA. Preterm birth due to maternal infection: Causative pathogens and modes of prevention. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25(9):562-9
  12. Grigsby PL, Novy MJ, Sadowsky DW, Morgan TK, Long M, Acosta E.  Maternal azithromycin therapy for Ureaplasma intraamniotic infection delays preterm delivery and reduces fetal lung injury in a primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207(6):475.e1-475.e14.
  13. Klein LL, Gibbs RS. Infection and preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2005; 32(3):397-410.
  14. Morency AM, Bujold E. The effect of second-trimester antibiotic therapy on the rate of preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2007; 29(1):35-44.
  15. Gilbert RE, Pike K, Kenyon SL, Tarnow-Mordi W, Taylor DJ. The effect of prepartum antibiotics on the type of neonatal bacteraemia: insights from the MRC ORACLE trials. BJOG 2005; 112(6):830-2.
  16. Keuchkerian SE, Sosa CG, Fernandez A, Alonso JG, Laborde A, Cuadro JC. Effect of amoxicillin sulbactam in threatened preterm labour with intact membranes: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005; 119(1): 21-6.
  17. Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002; 12(1): 35-41.
  18. Heath PT, Schuchat A. Perinatal group B streptococcal disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21(3):411-24.
  19. Kabiri S, Kargar-Jahromi Z, Solhjoo K, Sadeqi-Jahromi S. The prevalence of Group B Streptococcus colonization in pregnant women in Jahrom, 2014. Pars Journal of Medical Sciences 2016: 14(1): 19-26.
  20. Zilberman D, Williams SF, Kurian R, Apuzzio JJ. Does genital tract GBS colonization affect the latency period in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes not in labor prior to 34 weeks? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27(4):338-41.
  21. Javanmanesh F Eshraghi N. Prevalence of positive recto-vaginal culture for Group B streptococcus in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2013; 27(1):7-11.
  22. Jahed Bozorgan T, Khoshnood Shariati M, Shirin Zafarghandi A, Darabi P, Karimi A.        Frequency of Group B Streptococcus colonization and antibiogram in women at 35-37 weeks of gestation visited in prenatal clinic of Mahdieh Hospital in 2008. Pejouhandeh 2011; 16(3): 139-143.
  23. Habibzadeh SH, Arzanlou M, Jannati E, Asmar M, Azari M, Fardiazar Z. Maternal Carriage of Group B Streptococcus in Ardabil, Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2010; 10(1): 14-20.
  24. Tor-Udom S, Tor-Udom P, Hiriote W. The prevalence of streptococcus agalactiae (group B) colonization in pregnant women at Thammasat hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89(4):411-4.
  25. Uduman SA, Chatterjee TK, Al-Mouzan MI, AL-Suleiman S. Group B streptococci colonization among Saudi women in labor and neonatal acquisition. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1985; 23(1):21-4.
  26. Tajik P, van der Ham DP, Zafarmand MH, Hof MH, Morris J, Franssen MT, et al. Using vaginal Group B Streptococcus colonisation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes to guide the decision for immediate delivery: a secondary analysis of the PPROMEXIL trials. BJOG 2014; 121(10):1263-72.
  27. Bland ML, Vermillion ST, Soper DE. Late third-trimester treatment of rectovaginal group B streptococci with benzathine penicillin G. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(2):372-6.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 23, Issue 1
March 2020
Pages 19-24

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics