Incidence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its relevant factors among women referring to Alzahra Therapeutic-Educational Center of Tabriz, September 2013 to March 2014

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Assistant professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3 B.Sc. of Midwifery, Alzahra Therapeutic-Educational Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4 PhD student, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

5 M.Sc. student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

6 Associated professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexual transmitted infections worldwide; it is the main cause of cervical cancer in women aged 15-44 years. Since identifying the factors of HPV can be useful in prevention of this infection and cervical cancer, so this study was performed with aim to determine the incidence of Human Papilloma Virus infection and some relevant factors among women referring to Alzahra Therapeutic-Educational Center of Tabriz.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 women aged 15-50 years with vaginal infection referred to Gynecology section of Alzahra hospital in Tabriz-Iran, 2013-2014. Data was collected using the questionnaires including socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus, and also the checklist of recording complaints, clinical symptoms and colposcopic evaluation (in the case of women who had treatment-refractory irritation and itching or warts in the genital area). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19), and independent t-test, chi-square and single and multiple logistic regression model. PResults: In this study, 46 patients (20.8%) had HPV confirmed by colposcopy and biopsy. Among the studied factors, only duration of marriage (P=0.023) and having second partner by husband (P=0.039) were significantly related to HPV. The mean of knowledge score was 12.04±3.9 from obtainable score of 0-20. There were no significant differences among the subjects with positive and negative HPV in terms of knowledge (P=0.936). Also, the incidence of HPV was two folds high in the women with marriage duration less than 10 years than the women with marriage duration more than 10 years.
Conclusion:Regarding to high incidence of HPV infection and moderate knowledge of participants about HPV infection in this research, it is essential to consider a comprehensive program to promote the knowledge of total high risk persons.

Keywords

References

  1. Novak E. Berek & Novak's gynecology. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
  2. Bauer HM, Ting Y, Greer CE, Chambers JC, Tashiro CJ, Chimera J, et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by PCR-based method. JAMA 1991; 265(4):472-7.
  3. Becker TM, Wheeler CM, McGough NS, Parmenter CA, Jordan SW, Stidley CA, et al. Sexually transmitted diseases and other risk factors for cervical dysplasia among southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. JAMA 1994; 271(15):1181-8.
  4. Trottier H, Franco EL. The epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Vaccine 2006; 24(Suppl 1):S1-15.
  5. Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Munoz N, Snijders PJ, Vaccarella S, et al. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. Lancet 2005; 366(9490):991-8.
  6. de Sanjose´ S, Diaz M, Castellsague´ X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Munoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7(7):453-9.
  7. Furumoto H, Irahara M. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. J Med Investig 2002; 49(3-4):124-33.
  8. Sasieni P, Castanon A. Call and recall cervical screening programme: screening interval and age limits. Curr Diag Pathol 2006; 12(2):114-26.
  9. FUTURE I/II Study Group, Dillner J, Kjaer SK, Wheeler CM, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, et al. Four year efficacy of prophylactic human Papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010; 341:c3493.
  10. Daley EM, Perrin KM, McDermott RJ, Vamos CA, Rayko HL, Packing-Ebuen JL, et al. The psychosocial burden of HPV: a mixed-method study of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among HPV+ women. J Health Psychol 2010; 15(2):279-90.
  11. Tindle RW. Immune evasion in human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2(1):59-65.
  12. Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O’Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Holmes KK, et al. Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(25):2645-54.
  13. Repp KK, Nielson CM, Fu R, Schafer S, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmerón J, et al. Male human papillomavirus prevalence and association with condom use in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. J Infect Dis 2012; 205(8):1287-93.
  14. Soori T, Hallaji Z, Noroozi-Nejad E. Genital warts in 250 Iranian patients and their high-risk sexual behaviors. Arch Iran Med 2013; 16(9):518-20.
  15. Leung W, Chan P, Lau K, Ho K. The prevalence of human papilloma virus in the anal region of male Chinese attendees in three public sexually transmitted disease clinics in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Dermatol Venereol 2011; 19(1):6-13.
  16. Farshbaf-khalili A, Shahnazi M, Salehi-pourmehr H, Faridvand F, Asgarloo Z. Behavioral prevention regarding sexually transmitted infections and its predictors in women. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16(8):e18346.
  17. Leyh-Bannurah SR, Prugger C, de Koning MN, Goette H, Lellé RJ. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among hybrid capture 2 positive women 15 to 64 years of age in the Gurage zone, rural Ethiopia. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9(1):33-42.
  18. Marino JF, Fremont-Smith M. Direct-to-vial experience with auto Cyte PREP in a small New England cytology practice. J Reprod Med 2001; 46(4):353-8.
  19. Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Chapter 1: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer--burden and assessment of causality. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2003; 31:3-13.
  20. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Immunization (IAPCOI). Consensus recommendations on immunization, 2008. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45(8):635-48.
  21. Brotherton JM, Kaldor JM, Garland SM. Monitoring the control of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases in Australia: towards a national HPV surveillance strategy. Sex Health 2010; 7(3):310-9.
  22. Ndiaye C, Alemany L, Ndiaye N, Kamate B, Diop Y, Banjo K, et al. Human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: could HIV explain the differences? Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17(12):1432-40.
  23. Siddharthar J, Rajkumar B, Deivasigmani K. Knowledge, awareness and prevention of cervical cancer among women attending a tertiary care hospital in puducherry, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8(6):OC01-3.
  24. Marlow LA, Waller J, Wardle J. Public awareness that HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 97(5):691-4.
  25. Kurt RK, Karateke A, Erdem A, Silfeler DB, Akkoca NA, Hakverdi AU. Human Papilloma Virus and HPV vaccine knowledge among Mustafa Kemal University Medical Students. Acta Med Anatolia 2014; 2(2):37-41.
  26. Jia Y, Li S, Yang R, Zhou H, Xiang Q, Hu T, et al. Knowledge about cervical cancer and barriers of screening program among women in wufeng county, a high-incidence region of cervical cancer in China. PLoS One 2013; 8(7):e67005.
  27. Waller J, McCaffery KJ, Forrest S, Wardle J. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: issues for biobehavioral and psychosocial research. Ann Behav Med 2004; 27(1):68-79.
  28. Goldsmith MR, Bankhead CR, Kehoes ST, Marsh G, Austoker J. Information and cervical screening: a qualitative study of women's awareness, understanding and information needs about HPV. J Med Screen 2007; 14(1):29-33.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 18, Issue 185
March 2016
Pages 16-22

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics