Relationship between fear of pain, fear of delivery and attitude towards cesarean section with preferred mode of delivery among pregnant women

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Instructor of health community, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

2 Assistant professor, department of Epidemiology, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

3 BSc of Public Health, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

4 MSc in Health Education & Promotion, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Rapid increase in the rate of cesarean section (CS) according to severe complications of CS compared to vaginal delivery caused CS as one of the major concerns in women's health. Regarding to the high prevalence of CS in Birjand and the importance of reducing primary CS, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between fear of pain, fear of delivery and attitude toward CS with preferred mode of delivery among pregnant women referring to health and treatment centers in Birjand.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 196 primiparous women referring to health and treatment centers of Birjand in 2013. Participants completed the questionnaires including demographic data and preferred mode of delivery, fear of pain, fear of delivery and attitude toward CS. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), and Fisher exact test, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. PResults: 154 women (81.1%) had tendency to vaginal delivery and 104 (54.7%) had high fear of pain. 69 (37.3%) had very fear of delivery. 160 (85.5%) had negative and very negative attitude to CS. There was significant differences between the preferred mode of delivery and fear of pain (P=0.047), fear of delivery (P=0.012), and attitude toward CS (P=0.008). Also, significant difference was observed between the preferred mode of delivery and educational level of husband (P=0.017), family income (P=0.022), and interval between marriage and pregnancy (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding to the importance of attitude toward CS and fear of delivery and their impact on selecting mode of delivery and subsequently on maternal and neonatal health, interventions appears to be needed for modifying the attitudes and reducing fear of delivery in primiparous women in Birjand.

Keywords

References

  1. Spaich S, Welzel G, Berlit S, Temerinac D, Tuschy B, Sutterlin M, et al. Mode of delivery and its influence on women's satisfaction with childbirth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170(2):401-6.
  2. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C, Danish National Birth Cohort. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 2008; 115(3):354-60.
  3. Ghotbi F, Akbari Sene A, Azargashb E, Shiva F, Mohtadi M, Zadehmodares S, et al. Women's knowledge and attitude towards mode of delivery and frequency of cesarean section on mother's request in six public and private hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 2012. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40(5):1257-66.
  4. Gibbons L, Belizán JM, Lauer JA, Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Althabe F. The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: overuse as a barrier to universal coverage. World Health Rep 2010; 30:1-31.
  5. Raisanen S, Gissler M, Kramer MR, Heinonen S. Influence of delivery characteristics and socioeconomic status on giving birth by caesarean section - a cross sectional study during 2000-2010 in Finland. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:120.
  6. Menacker F, Declercq E, Macdorman MF. Cesarean delivery: background, trends, and epidemiology. Semin Perinatol 2006; 30(5):235-41.
  7. Bahadori F, Hakimi S, Heidarzade M. The trend of caesarean delivery in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 19(Suppl 3):S67-70.
  8. Naseh N, Khazaie T, Kianfar S, Dehghan R, Yoosefi S. Prevalence of cesarean and its complications in women referring to Vali-e-Asr hospital. Modern Care J 2010; 7(1):12-8. (Persian).
  9. Mostafazadeh F, Mashoufi M, Rostamnegad M. Attitude of pregnant women and health personnel toward normal delivery vs cesarean section. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2006; 6(4):403-8. (Persian).
  10. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmaki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG 2009; 116(1):67-73.
  11. Wiklund I, Edman G, Ryding EL, Andolf E. Expectation and experiences of childbirth in primiparae with caesarean section. BJOG 2008; 115(3):324-31.
  12. Ghooshchian S, Dehghani M, Khorsandi M, Farzad VA. The role of fear of pain and related psychological variables in prediction of cesarean labor. Arak Med Univ J 2010; 14(3):45-54. (Persian).
  13. Haines H, Rubertsson C, Pallant JF, Hildingsson I. Womens' attitudes and beliefs of childbirth and association with birth preference: a comparison of a Swedish and an Australian sample in mid-pregnancy. Midwifery 2012; 28(6):e850-6.
  14. Atghaee M, Nouhi E. The effect of imagination of the pain of vaginal delivery and cesarean section on the selection of normal vaginal delivery in pregnant women attending clinics in kerman university of medical sciences. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2011; 14(7):44-50. (Persian).
  15. Matinnia N, Faisal I, Hanafiah Juni M, Herjar A, Moeini B, Osman Z. Fears related to pregnancy and childbirth among primigravidae who requested caesarean versus vaginal delivery in Iran. Matern Child Health J 2014; 19(5):1121-30.
  16. Nasiry F, Sharifi S. Relationship between fear of childbirth and personality type in pregnant women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2013; 16(66):18-25. (Persian).
  17. Ghadimi M, Rasouli M, Motahar S, Lajevardi Z, Imani A, Chobsaz A, et al. Affecting factors the choice of delivery and attitude of pregnant women admitted to the civil hospitals, the Social Security Organization in 2013. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2014; 21(2):310-9. (Persian).
  18. Moeini B, Besharati F, Hazavehei SM, Moghimbeigi A. Women’s attitudes toward elective delivery mode based on the theory of planned behavior. J Guilan Univ Med Sci 2011; 20(79):68-76. (Persian).
  19. McNeil DW, Rainwater AJ 3rd. Development of the fear of pain Questionnaire-III. J Behav Med 1998; 21(4):389-410.
  20. Vala M, Dehghani M, Kiamanesh AR. Validity, reliability and normalization of the fear of pain Questionnaire-Short Form (FPQ-SF). J Kerman Univ Med Sci 2012; 19(2):5-10. (Persian).
  21. Negahban T, Ansari A. Does fear of childbirth predict emergency cesarean section in primiparous women? Hayat 2009; 14(4):73-81. (Persian).
  22. Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section--a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88(7):807-13.
  23. Melender HL. Fears and coping strategies associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Finland. J Midwifery Womens Health 2002; 47(4):256-63.
  24. Nerum H, Halvorsen L, Sorlie T, Oian P. Maternal request for cesarean section due to fear of birth: can it be changed through crisis-oriented counseling? Birth 2006; 33(3):221-8.
  25. Tofighi Niaki M, Behmanesh F, Mashmuli F, Azimi H. The effect of prenatal group education on knowledge, attitude and selection of delivery type in primiparous women. Iran J Med Educ 2010; 10(2):124-30. (Persian).
  26. Sharghi A, Kamran A, Sharifirad G. Factors influencing delivery method selection in primiparous pregnant women referred to health centers in Ardabil, Iran. Health Syst Res 2011; 7(3):364-72. (Persian).
  27. Mohammadi TS, Kiani AA, Heydari M. The survey on tendencies of primiparous women for selecting the mode of delivery. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2009; 11(3):54-9. (Persian).
  28. Amiri Farahani L, Abbasi Shavazi MJ. Caesarean section change trends in Iran and some demographic factors associated with them in the past three decades. J Fasa Univ Med Sci 2012; 2(3):127-34. (Persian).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics