A Survey of Metabolic Syndrome in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Instructor of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

3 Associate Professor of Endocrine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor of Vital Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

5 Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among women. In addition to patients, their first degree relatives are exposed to some risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, abnormal lipoproteins and impaired glucose tolerance. This study was conducted in order to investigate the rate of metabolic syndrome in first degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients.
 
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 34 person of first degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients who referred to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2007 as case group and 34 normal individuals who were selected as control group. Sampling was done on simple purposive. After registering their blood pressure, height and weight, a blood sample was obtained from all participants in order to assay their serum insulin, fasting blood sugar, 2hpp glucose, testosterone and lipoproteins. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were investigated according to IDF ATPIII and QUICKI, HOMA criteria, respectively. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Fisher's exact test as well as chi square using SPSS 11.5 software.
 
Results: The mean of fasting blood sugar, serum testosterone, LDL were significantly lower in control group first degree relatives (p<0.05). The amounts of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and fasting insulin didn’t have significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).
 
Conclusion: The first degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients are exposed to high blood glucose and impaired lipoprotein levels.

Keywords


1. DeCherney AH, Nathan L. Current obstetric & gynecologic diagnosis & treatment. 9th  ed. New
york:McGraw­Hill;2003.
2. Berek JS. Novak's gynecology. 14th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2007.
3. Taylor AE, Dunaif AE In: Rayan KJ, Berkowitz RO, Barbieri RL, Dunaif AE. Kistner's gynecology and  women's health. 7th ed. 1999;373­92.
4. Zawadsky JK, Dunalf A., Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach.
In: Dunaif A. Givens JR, Haseltine FP. Current issues in endocrinology and metabolism: polycystic ovary 
syndrome. CambridgeL:Blachwell;1992:377­84.
5. Baillargeon JP. Use of insulin sensitizers in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Curr Opin Investing Drugs 2005 
Oct;6(10):1012­22.
6. Glueck  CJ,  Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve­Smith  L. Incidence  and  treatment of metabolic  syndrome  in  newly referred  women  with  confirmed polycystic  ovarian  syndrome. Metabolism 2003 
Jul;52(7):908­15.
7. Nestler JE., Role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, and its clinical
implications. Semin Reprod Endocrilol 1997 May;15:111­22.
8. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1989 Sep;38(9):1165­74.
9. Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz DJ, Baillargeon JP, Dillon P, Gunn RD, Allan G, et al. Effects of d­chiro­inositol
in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Pract 2002 Nov­Dec;8(6):417­23.
10. Nestler JE. Jakubowicz DJ, Reamer P, Gunn RD, Allan G. Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D­chiroinositol
in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2002 Apr 29;340(17):1314­20.
11. Yildiz BO, Yarali H, Oguz H, Bayratar M. Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyprandrogenemia 
in first degree relatives of woman  with polycystic ovary syndrome. J  Clin  Endocrinol Metab  2003 
May;88(5):2031­6.
12. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, et al. The metabolic  syndrome  and  total and cardiovascular disease mortality in  middle­aged  men. JAMA 2002  Dec  4;288(21):2709­16.
13. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991 Mar;14(3):173­
94.
14. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Shelley DR, Green G, Dobrjansky A, Licholai T. Evidence  for distinctive  and 
intrinsic defects in insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1992 Oct;41(10):1257­66.
15. Kaplan NM., The deadly guartet. Upper­ body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and 
hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989 Jul;149(7):1514­20.
16. Modan M, Halkin  H, Almog S, Lusky A, Eshkol A, Shefi M, et al. Hyperinsulinemia: A link between  hypertension  obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest 1985 Mar;75(3):809­17 .
17. Hettihewa  LM, Palangasingle S, Jayasinghe SS. Comparison of insulin resistance by indirect methodsHOMA,QUICKI
And McAuley­with fasting insulin in patients with type2  diabetes in Galle, Serilanka:a  pilot study. OJHAS 2006;5(1):1­8.
18. Hrebícek J, Janout V, Malincíková J, Horáková  D, Cízek  L. Detection  of insulin resistance  by simple  quantitative insulin sensivity check index QUICKI for epidemiological assesment and prevention. J Clin  Endocrinol Metab 2002 Jan;87(1):144­7.
19. Barbato KB, Martins Rde  C, Rodrigues Mde L, Braga JU, Francischetti EA, Genelhu V. [Effects  of
greater­than­5% weight reduction on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuroendocrine profiles of grade I obese  subjects] [Article in Portuguese]. Arq Bras Cardiol 2006 Jul;87(1):12­21 
20. Kanauchi M,Yamano S, Kanauchi K, Saito Y. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,
quantitative insulin sensitivity check  index, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index in nonobese, nondiabetic subjects with  high­normal blood pressure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 Jul;88(7):3444­6.
 
21. Yokoyama  H, Emoto M, Fujiwara S, Motoyama  K, Morioka T, Komatsu M, et al. Quantitative insulin  sensitivity  check index and reciprocal index of homeostasis model assessment in normal range weight and  moderately obese type2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2003 Aug;26(8):2426­32.
22. Expert Panel on  Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High  Blood  Cholesterol in Adults. Executive  Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on  Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High  Blood  Cholesterol In  Adult (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001 May 16;285(19):2486­97.
23. International Diabetes Federation . The IDF  consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available at: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF Met asyndrome definition .
24. Sam S, Sung YA, Legro RS, Dunaif A. Evidence for pancreatic beta­cell dysfunction in brothers of women  with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2008 Jan;57(1):84­9.
25. Larijani B, Zahedi F, Epidemiology diabetes mellitus in Iran. Shiraz Med J 2002;l3(3).
26. Bailageon  JP, Carpentier AC. Brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome  are characterized by 
impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity and related  metabolic defects. Diabetologia  2007 
Dec;50(12):2424­32.
27. Sam S, Legro RS, Bentley­Lewis R, Dunaif A. Dyslipidomia  and metabolic syndrome  in the sisters  of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 Aug;90(8):4797­802.
28. Sir­Petermann T, Angel B, Maliqueo M, Carvajal F, Santos JL, Pérez­Bravo F. Prevalence  of Type  II
diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in parents of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetologia  2002 Jul;45(7):959­64.
29. Kapla NM. Clinical hypertension. 6th ed. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins;1994.
30. Lergo RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary 
syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 2005;60(4):656­63.
31. Unlühizarci K, Ozocak M, Tanriverdi F, Atmaca H, Keleştimur F. Investigation of hypothalamo­pituitary­ gonadal axis and  glucose intolerance  among the first­degree female relatives of women  with polycystic  ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2007 Jun;87(6):1377­82.
32. Azizi F, Ghanbari A, Madjid M. Distribution  of blood  pressure and prevalence  of hypertension  in  Tehran adult population : Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS),1999­2000. J Hum Hypertencs 2002 
May;16(5):305­12.
33. Hekimsoy Z,  Oktern IK. Duration  of obesity is  not a risk factor for type  2  diabetes mellitus,  arterial
hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003 Nov;5(6):432­7.
34. Metformin. Compliments  of the  Muasher Center for Fertility. Fairfax, VA. Available at: http://www.infertilityspecialist.com/metformin.html