Effects of Training Breast-Cancer Screening on Female University Students’ Beliefs

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Department of Health, Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associated Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: According to the world statistics, Breast Cancer (BC) is the second common cancer among women and Iran is also faced with the increase of this disease. Based on current studies, methods of early BC-detection may reduce mortality caused by BC. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs in university students of Tehran University by application of heath belief model (HBM).
Methods: By the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs of dormitory students of Tehran University, this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was carried out. The participants were selected from the undergraduate dormitory students of Tehran University in 2008-2009. Date collection instrument was a self-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was approved. Training was based on HBM through lectures, pamphlets, films and slides. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 14 and analytical indicators and descriptive statistics. Paired T-test was used in order to compare the participants before and after training. Statistical test was measured by 95 percent assurance. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of participants was 21±1.11. 92 cases (92.9%) of them were single and 7 cases (7.1%) were married. Paired T-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean score of HBM constructs (sensitivity, severity, obstacles, perceived benefits, performing instructions) at pre-test and post-test studies. (p<0.0001). According to chi-square test, no significant difference was observed between marital status, place of birth, students' age and constructing elements of HBM (p=0.35).
Conclusion: Training breast-cancer screening can promote beliefs about self-examination of breast among university students.
 

Keywords

References

1. DeSantis C, Siegel R, Bandi P, Jemal A. Breast cancer statistics 2011. CA Cancer J Clin 2011 NovDec;61(6):409-18.
2. Beiki O, Hall P, Ekbom A, Moradi T. Breast cancer incidence and case fatality among 4.7 million women in
relation to social and ethnic background: a population-based cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2012 Jan
6;14(1):R5.
3. Mousavi SM, Gouya MM, Ramazani R, Davanlou M, Hajsadeghi N, Seddighi N. Cancer incidence and
mortality in Iran. Ann Oncol 2009 Mar;20(3):556-63.
4. Hajian-Tilaki KO, Kaveh-Ahangar T. Reproductive factors associated with breast cancer risk in northern Iran.
Med Oncol 2011 Jun;28(2):441-6.
5. Jatoi I. The impact of advances in treatment on the efficacy of mammography screening. Prev Med 2011
Sep;53(3):103-4.
6. Fouladi N, Amani F, Harghi AS, Nayebyazdi N. Five year survival of women with breast cancer in Ardabil,
north-west of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(7):1799-801.
7. Banegas MP, Bird Y, Moraros J, King S, Prapsiri S, Thompson B. Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and early
detection practices in United States-Mexico border Latinas. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012 Jan;21(1):101-7.
8. Babu GR, Samari G, Cohen SP, Mahapatra T, Wahbe RM, Mermash S, et al. Breast cancer screening among
females in Iiran and recommendations for improved practice: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
2011;12(7):1647-55.
9. Noroozi A, Tahmasebi R. Factors influencing breast cancer screening behavior among Iranian women. Asian
Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(5):1239-44.
10. Dahlui M, Ng C, Al-Sadat N, Ismail S, Bulgiba A. Is breast self examination (BSE) still relevant? A study on
BSE performance among female staff of University of Malaya. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(2):369-72.
11. Rosmawati NH. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast self-examination among women in a suburban area
in Terengganu, Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11(6):1503-8.
12. Early J, Armstrong SN, Burke S, Thompson DL. US female college students' breast health knowledge, attitudes,
and determinants of screening practices: new implications for health education. J Am Coll Health 2011 AugOct;59(7):640-7.
13. Bhatt VR, Wetz RV, Shrestha R, Shrestha B, Shah N, Sayami P, et al. Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and
practices among Nepalese women. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2011 Nov;20(6):810-7.
14. McClenahan C, Shevlin M, Adamson G, Bennett C, O'Neill B.Testicular self-examination: a test of the health
belief model and the theory of planned behaviour. Health Educ Res 2007 Apr;22(2):272-84.
15. Kim EK, Choo J. [The health belief model and assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke among
college students] [Article in Korean]. Korean J Health Promot 2011 Sep;11(3):160-8.
16. Hall KS.The health belief model can guide modern contraceptive behavior research and practice. J Midwifery
Womens Health 2012 Jan-Feb;57(1):74-81.
17. Oyekale AS, Oyekale TO. Application of health belief model for promoting behaviour change among Nigerian
single youth. Afr J Reprod Health 2010 Jun;14(2):63-75.
18. Ceber E, Yücel U, Mermer G, Ozentürk G. Health beliefs and breast self-examination in a sample of Turkish
women academicians in a university. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009 Apr-Jun;10(2):213-8.
19. Norman P, Brain K. An application of an extended health belief model to the prediction of breast selfexamination
among women with a family history of breast cancerBr J Health Psychol 2005 Feb;10(Pt 1):1-16.
20. Eisen, M., PhD, Zellman, G.L., PhD, McAlister, A.L., PhD. (1992) A Health Belief Model-Social Learning
Theory Approach to Adolescents' Fertility Control: Findings from a Controlled Field Trial. Health Education
Quarterly, 19(2), 249-262. Available at: http://www.etr.org/recapp/theories/hotbm/Resources.htm.
21. Hazavehei SM, Taghdisi MH, Saidi M. Application of the Health Belief Model for osteoporosis prevention
among middle school girl students, Garmsar, Iran. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2007 May;20(1):23.
22. Tavafian SS, Hasani L, Aghamolaei T, Zare S, Gregory D. Prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of
Iranian women: an application of the Health Belief Model. BMC Womens Health 2009 Dec 29;9:37.
23. Assari S.Theory based health education: Application of health belief model for Iranian patients with myocardial
infarction. J Res Med Sci 2011 Apr;16(4):580-2.
24. Moodi M, Mood MB, Sharifirad GR, Shahnazi H, Sharifzadeh G. Evaluation of breast self-examination program
using Health Belief Model in female students. J Res Med Sci 2011 Mar;16(3):316-22.
25. Ho TV. Effects of an educational intervention of breast cancer early screening and detection beliefs and
practices in vietnamese American women: a pilot study. In: The 17th International nursing research congress
focusing on evidence-based practice 2006 Jul 19-22.:This presentation is part of: Poster presentation III.
26. Kim JH, Menon U. Pre- and postintervention differences in acculturation, knowledge, beliefs, and stages of
readiness for mammograms among Korean American women. Oncol Nurs Forum 2009 Mar;36(2):E80-92.
27. Beydağ KD, Yürügen B.The effect of breast self-examination (Bse) education given to midwifery students on
their knowledge and attitudes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11(6):1761-4.
28. Kadaoui N, Guay M, Baron G, St-Cerny J, Lemaire J. Breast cancer screening practices for women aged 35 to
49 and 70 and older. Can Fam Physician 2012 Jan;58(1):e47-53.
 
29. Kessler TA. Increasing mammography and cervical cancer knowledge and screening behaviors with an
educational program. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012 Jan 1;39(1):61-8.
30. Secginli S, Nahcivan NO.The effectiveness of a nurse-delivered breast health promotion program on breast
cancer screening behaviours in non-adherent Turkish women: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud
2011 Jan;48(1):24-36.
31. Hajian S, Vakilian K, Najabadi KM, Hosseini J, Mirzaei HR. Effects of education based on the health belief
model on screening behavior in high risk women for breast cancer, Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
2011;12(1):49-54.
32. Nergiz-Eroglu U, Kilic D. Knowledge, attitude and beliefs women attending mammography units have
regarding breast cancer and early diagnosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(7):1855-60.
33. Lee YW, Lee EH, Shin KB, Song MS. A comparative study of Korean and Korean-American women in their
health beliefs related to breast cancer and the performance of breast self-examination. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe
Chi 2004 Apr;34(2):307-14.
34. Memis S, Balkaya NA, Demirkiran F. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing and midwifery students
regarding breast self-examination in Turkey. Oncol Nurs Forum 2009 Jan;36(1):E39-46.
35. Baysal HY, Gozum S. Effects of health beliefs about mammography and breast cancer and telephone reminders
on re-screening in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(6):1445-50.
36. Keshavarz Z, Simbar M, Ramezankhani A. Factors for performing breast and cervix cancer screening by Iranian
female workers: a qualitative-model study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(6):1517-22.
37. Yilmaz M, Guler G, Bekar M, Guler N. Risk of breast cancer, health beliefs and screening behaviour among
Turkish academic women and housewives. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(3):817-22.
38. Rasu RS, Rianon NJ, Shahidullah SM, Faisel AJ, Selwyn BJ. Effect of educational level on knowledge and use
of breast cancer screening practices in Bangladeshi women. Health Care Women Int 2011 Mar;32(3):177-89.
39. Ravichandran K, Al-Hamdan NA, Mohamed G. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior among Saudis toward cancer
preventive practice. J Family Community Med 2011 Sep;18(3):135-42.
40. Taha H, Halabi Y, Berggren V, Jaouni S, Nyström L, Al-Qutob R, et al. Educational intervention to improve
breast health knowledge among women in Jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11(5):1167-73.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics