Effectiveness of training programs on nutritional status during pregnancy: Comparison of group discussion method and multi-media package

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

2 M.Sc. student of Health training and Health Promotion, School of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

3 PhD student of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is from the most risky period of women's life and nutrition during this period will affect the health of the mother and fetus. This study was performed aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutrition training by group discussion method and using multi-media package on the nutritional status of pregnant women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a control group was performed on 174 pregnant women in health centers of Mashhad and Gonabad. Multimedia package was designed using Autoplay software (version 8.2). The pretest of output of the test subjects were studied. Then, nutrition training was performed by group discussion method and multimedia packages. Finally, a month after the intervention, posttest of output was completed. Data analysis was performed using Dietplan software (version 6) and SPSS software (version 20) and one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. PResults:Variables niacin (P=0/04), vitamin B6 (P=0/04), vitamin D (P=0/01), B12 (P=0/03) in a closed multimedia pre- and post-intervention difference were statistically significant. Folate (P=0/04) vitamin c (P = 0/03), carotene (P=0/006) and fiber (P = 0/03) in group discussions before and after the intervention group had a statistically significant difference. Compared to the methods used, the mean scores were higher in group discussion about the multimedia package.
Conclusions: The two methods of group discussion and multimedia package significantly improve the nutritional status of pregnant women than pre-intervention compared to the control group. Comparison of two methods of teaching showed that group discussion method was more effective than multi-media package method.

Keywords


  1. Verbeke W, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Dietary behaviour of pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Appetite 2007 ; 48(1): 78-86.
  2. Cox JT, Phelan ST. Nutrition during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2008; 35(3): 369-83.
  3. Esmaillzadeh A, Samareh S, Azadbakht L. Dietary patterns among pregnant women in the westnorth of Iran. Pakistan J Biol Scis: PJBS 2008;11(5):793-6.
  4. George GC, Hanss-Nuss H, Milani TJ, Freeland-Graves JH. Food choices of low-income women during pregnancy and postpartum. J Am Diet Assoc 2005 ;105(6):899-907.
  5. Katleen L, Mahan S, Escott S. Krause S. Food and Nutrition. 2nd ed. Tehran: Jamenegar;2007. [Persian].
  6. Fiala j, Hruba D, Brazdova Z. Dietary intake pregnant and lactating women as Compared with other groups. Hygiena 2000;45(2): 86-94.
  7. U.S. Understanding and improving health. Washington DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2000.
  8. Pelletier DL, Rahn M, Frongillo EA. Low birth weight, postnatal growth failure, and mortality. In: Martorell R, Haschke F, editors. Nuttition and Growth. Nestle Nutrition workshop series. vol 47. pediatric program, and Maryland composition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2001. p. 223-41.
  9. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004; 26(suppl 1):533-50.
  10. Rasmussen KM. The “Fetal origins” hypothesis: Challenges and opportunities for maternal and child nutrition. Paloalto Annual Rev Nutr 2001; 21:73-95.
  11. WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, The World Bank. Reduction Maternal Mortality. Geneva: World & Health Organization; 1999.
  12. Norozi M,Zavoshi R,Salamatzade M, Nemati A. Assessing the nutritional status of mothers during Pregnancy and all maternal factors in childhood covered under 6 months of Qazvin community center.Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of Iranian nutrition; 2003.p.4
  13. Briley C, Kelly F, Lee R, Hunt B, Parmar K, Bewley S, et al. Prenatal Nutrition in Creased Dietary Iraq in Take and Reduced Low Birth Weight in Low Lancome African American; 2004.
  14. Pashae T. Assessment of the effect of educational interventions on pregnant women's nutritional habits improvement in Kermanshah health centers. [Master thesis.]. Tehran:Health Faculty of Tehran medical university; 2003.
  15. Saba M , Bazmamoun H, Razavi Z.. Comparison of Face to Face Education with Other Methods to Pregnant Mothers in Increase Exclusive Breast Feeding. Scientific Journal of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences 2005;12(3): 42
  16. Bahri N, Bagheri S, Orfani M, Rahmani R, Tolidehi H. Workshop on comparison about breastfeeding Knowledge, health beliefs and behaviors of postpartum lactation. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 2013;32(15):14-22.
  17. Mirmolaei S, Moshrefim M, Kazemnejad A, Farivar F, Morteza H. The Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Behaviors in Pregnant Women. HAYAT 2010; 15(4): 35-42. [Persian].
  18. Mahmood S, Atif M, Mujeeb S, Bano N, Mubasher H. Assessment of nutritional beliefs and practices in pregnant and lactating mothers in an urban and rural area of Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 1997; 47(2): 60-2.
  19. Kapil U, Bhasin S, Manocha S. Knowledge amongst adolescent girls about nutritive value of foods and diet during diseases, pregnancy and lactation. Indian Pediatr 1991; 28(10): 1135-9.
  20. Mansurian M. Soleymani Nejad M. Behnam Pour N. The effects of educational interventions on knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards nutrition during pregnancy. Journal University of Medical Sciences  Lorestan 2011;1(1) .1-8.
  21. Khajavi Shojae K, Parsa S, Fallah N. knowledge, attitude and performance of pregnant mothers about utrion during pregnancy amongst pregnant women in tehran. Journal of Gorgan medical university 2001; 3(2):70-5.[Persian].
  22. Cotrell R, Mckenzie JF.Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion & Educatio;2006, Pearson Education: USA23.
  23. Olusang J. Assessment of the Food Habits and school Feeding programme of pupils in a Rural community in odoybolu local Government Area of ogun state.Nigeria.pakistan Nutrition J 2010; 9(2): 198-204.
  24. Baranowski T. Crisis and chaos in behavioral nutrition and physical activity. IntJ Behav Nuer phys 2006;3(1):27.
  25. Bork A. Learning with the World Wide Web. Internet Higher Educ 1999;2(2-3):81-5.
  26. Gagne R, Wagnr W, Golas K, Keller J.Principals of instrional design.5th ed. Canada: Cengage Learning; 2004.
  27. Ellaway R, Mastets K. AME guide 32:e-learning in medical education part:learning Teaching and assess Ment.Med Teach 2008 ;30(5):455-73.
  28. Anderson T, Elloumi F. Theory and practice of online learning. In:. Canada:Athabasca University; 2004.
  29. Ozkal K, Tekkaya C, Cakiroghu J, Sungur S. A conceptual model of relationships among constructivist learning environment perception, Epistemological belief, And learning approaches. Learning and individual Differences 2009; 19(1):71-79.
  30. Karimi H, Derakhshan A, Valayee N and Mortazavi F.  Beinaghe T. Compare the The effectiv of vido tutorials on learning practical skill of  students showwing. Journal of Gorgan University of  Medical Sciences. 2003: 5(12)77-82.
  31. Barras R. Study a guide to effective learning, revision and examination techniques. 2nd ed. London: Rutledge; 1991.p.50.
  32. Mahram M, Mahram B, Mousavinasab S. Comparison between the effect of teaching through student- based group discussion and lecture on learning in medical student. Strides in development of medical education. Journal of medical education development center 2008; 5(2):71-9. [Persian]
  33. Fattahi Bafghi A, Karimi H, Anvari M, Barzegar K. Comparison of the effectiveness of two teaching methods of group discussion and lecturing in learning rate of laboratory medicine students. Strides in development of medical education 2007; 4(1):51-56.[Persian]
  34. Safari M, Yazdanpanah B, Ghafarian H, Yazdanpanah S. Comparing the effect of lecture and discussion methods on student learning and satisfaction. Iranian journal of medical education 2006;6(1):59-64. [Persian]
  35. Moshki M, Bahrami M, Akhondi R, Hoseini Z. Evaluation of Body Mass Index and some socio-economic variables related to the primary schoolchidreen in Gonabad. Journal of Research & Health 2011;1:73-76.
  36. Fiala j, Hruba D, Brazdova Z. Dietary intake pregnant and lactating woman as Compared with other grops. Hygiena 2000;45(2): 86-94.
  37. Taslimi M, Jazayeri A, Keshavarz A,Sadrzade Y, Rahimi A.Comparison of the effectivensee of two nutrition education methods on the nutritional knowledge attude and practice of first grade school girl.Journal of school of Health Research.2004; 2(4):69-78
  38. Zendematlab H. Comparing the Effect of Face to Face and Group Discussion Teaching Methods on Quality of Life Improvement among Patients Suffering from Multiple. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2013;13(9):711-20.
  39. Ennis M, Thain J, Boggild M, Baker GA, Young CA. A randomized controlled trial of a health promotion education programme for people with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2006; 20(9): 783-92.
  40. Pintauro SJ, Regimbald Sh, Borczy SA, Nickerson A, Paul R B, Berlin L. Evaluation of a Nutrition and Health Educational Online Computer Program for Older Adults., J Nutr Food Sci 2011; 1(5):117
  41. 41.        Ghotbi N, Jalaei S, Khodami S. Satisfaction and Learning Level of University Students in Basic Courses; Comparison of Lecture and Group Discussion Teaching Methods. Education Strategies in Medical Sciences 2013; 6(1): 31-6
  42. 42.Manafi M, Rabieepor S, Bagherpor H. Evaluation of food consumption in pregnant women referred to health centers in the city of Urmia.Urmia Medical Journal; 2003 14(4): 253-261.
  43. 43. Paknahad Z, Talebi N. A comparsion of calcium, B2 , E vitamin, zinc , and hypertensive pregnant women attending maternity hospitals Zahra and Beheshti. 9th conference of Nutrition in Iran.Tbriz:Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Congress Portal; 2003.
  44. Butte NF, Wong W, Treuth MS, Ellis KJ, O'Brian Smith E. Energy requirments during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition.Am J Clin Nutr 2004 Jun; 79(6):1078-87.
  45. Piccino MF. Pregnancy and lactation.In: Ziegler EE , Filer L J.Present knowledge in nutrition.Washington,DC:ILSIPress;1996.p.384-95.
  46. Oladapo Al.Nutrition in pregnancy: mineral and vitamin supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72 (l):280-90.
  47. Houshiar-rad A, Omidvar N, Mahmoodi M, Kolahdooz F.Dietary intake, anthropometry and birth outcome of rural pregnant women in two iranian districs. Nutr Res 1998;18(9):1469-82.
  48. Safari M, Yazdanpanah B, Ghafarian H, Yazdanpanah S. Comparing the effect of lecture and discussion methods on student learning and satisfaction. Iranian journal of medical education 2006; 6(1):59-63. [Persian].
  49. Fischer RL, Jacobs SL, Herbert WNP.Small-group discussion versus lecture format for third-year students in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104(2):349-53.
  50. Johanson Jp, Mightea A. A Comparison of teaching strategies: lecture notes combined with structured group discussion versus lecture only. J Nurse Educ 2005 ; 44(7):319-22
  51. Jaques D. ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: Teaching small groups. BMG 2003; 326(7384): 328-30.
  52. Thomas N. Garavan and Barra O'Cinneide. Entrepreneurship education and training programs: A review and evaluation. Eurpean Indust rialTrain 1994;18(8):3-12.
  53. Special teaching topic for TAS.[Internet]. 2004 [cited2004 july]. Available from: URL:http://ir.www.ucsb.edu./ic/ta/hdbk/ta3.2.h tml].