Women Lived Experience of Choice of Cesarean Delivery: A Phenomenology Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 B.Sc. of Midwifery, Besat Hospital, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 Lecturer of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

4 Ph.D. Student of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Cesarean delivery on maternal request is defined as an elective cesarean for term pregnancy in the absence of any maternal or fetal indication. Rate of vaginal delivery and cesarean section is one of the mother health program indexes. Increase of cesarean section and decrease of vaginal birth is representative of poor performance of the health program. The purpose of this study was explanation of nulliparous women's lived experience of cesarean delivery as a birth choice.
Methods: This qualitative study with phenomenology approach was conducted on 12 nulliparous women using in-depth interview method and semi-structured. Interviews were done in health care centers or women's home. The participants discussed reasons for the request for cesarean six weeks after childbirth. All interviews were recorded and analyzed by Colaizzi method.
Results: Three main themes and many sub-themes were extracted during this study. The main themes were: fear, unpleasant experience and others encouragement.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and effective factors in choice of elective cesarean in nulliparous women, it seems the best way to reduce cesarean section rate is decreasing the rate of cesarean in nulliparous women. Therefore nulliparous women with knowledge about the benefits, risks and possible complications of delivery methods should encourage selecting vaginal delivery.

Keywords

References

  1. Nilstun T, Habiba M, Lingman G, Saracci R, Da Fre M, Cuttini M. Cesarean delivery on maternal request: can the ethical problem be solved by the principalist approach? BMC Med Ethics 2008 Jun 17;9:11.
  2. Armson BA. Is planned cesarean childbirth a safe alternative? CMAJ 2007 Feb;176(4):475-6.
  3. Betran AP, Merialdi M, Laver JA. Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, Van Look P, et al. Rates of cesarean section: analysis of global , regional and national estimates. Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007 Mar;21(2):98-113.
  4. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet 1985 Aug 24;2(8452):436-37.
  5. Ministry of Health,Treatment and Medical Education of Iran. [Sima report. Tehran:Health of Islamic Republic of Iran;2002:49. [in Persian].Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran
  6. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, HauthJC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Williams obstetrics. 23rd ed. New York:McGraw-Hill;2010:544-64.
  7. Salah Zehi H, Khojasteh F.[ Nursing, maternal and newborn health]. Tehran:Golban Publication;2000. [in Persian].
  8. Bergholt T, Ostbery B, Legarth J, Weber T. Danish obstetricians’ personal preference and general attitude to elective cesarean section on maternal request: A nation-wide postal survey. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004 Mar;83(3):262-6.
  9. Liu S, Listov RM, Joseph KS, Heaman M, Sauve R, Kramer MS. Maternal mortality and sever morbidity associated with low risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal at term. CMAJ 2007 Feb 13;176(4):455-60.
  10. Ganji F, Raeisi R, Khosravi SA, Soltani P, Kasiri KA, Jafarzadeh L, et al. [Effect of a participatory intervention to reduce the number of unnecessary cesarean sections performed in Shahrekord, Iran] [Article in Persian]. Shahrekord Univ Med Sci J 2006;8:14-8.
  11. Sherafaty S. Cesarean is not for money. Available at: http://www.hamshahrionline.ir?news/?id=27101.
  12. Mohammadbeigi A, Tabatabaee SH, Mohammad Salehi N, Yazdani M. [Factors influencing cesarean delivery method in Shiraz hospitals] [Article in Persian]. Iran J Nurs 2009;21(56):37-45.
  13. Shakeri M, Mazlomzade S, Mohamaian F. [Factors affecting the rate of cesarean section in Zanjan maternity hospitals in 2008] [Article in Persian]. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci 2012;20(80):98-104.
  14. Ghasemi F.[Iinvestigating the abundance of cesarean section and its reason in Yazd in 2009] [Article in Persian]. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci 2012;20(2):229-36.
  15. Shariat M, Majlesi F, Azari S, Mahmoodi M. [Cesarean section in maternity hospitals in Tehran, Iran] [Article in Persian]. Payesh J 2002;3(1):5-10.
  16. Rezaei M. Cesarean rate and it’s causes in Beasat Hospital of Sanandaj. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2012.1(1): 34-42[in Persian].
  17. Sanei A, Nikbakht Naserabady A. [Qualitative methodology in medical sciences]. Tehran:Farda Publication;20002. [in Persian].
  18. Bayrami R, Valizadeh L, Zaheri F. [Nuliparous women's childbirth experience: a phenomenology study] [Article in Persian]. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci 2011;33(3):14-9.
  19. Alehagen S, Wijma K, Wijma B. Fear during labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001 Apr;80(4):315-20.
  20. Pirdel M, Kamalifard M, Ghoojazade M. [Comparasion of labor pain and factors affected on labor pain in multiparous and nuliparous in Tabriz Alzahra Institude] [Article in Persian]. Tabriz Midwifery Nurs J 2006;5:37-46. 21.
  21. Weaver JJ, Statham H, Richards M. Are there “unnecessary” cesarean sections? Perceptions of women and obstetricians about cesarean section for nonclinical Indications. Birth 2007 Mar;34(1):32-41.
  22. Visco AG, Viswanathan M, Lohr KN, Wechter ME, Gartlehner G, Wu JM, et al. Cesarean delivery on maternal request: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2006 Dec;108(6):1517-29.
  23. Sercekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nuliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009 Apr;25(2):155-62. 24.
  24. Quadros LG. Caesarean section controversy. Brazilian obstetricians are pressured to perform cesarean sections. BMJ 2000 Apr 15;320(7241):1073-4.
  25. Salmani N. [Studying the viewpoint of pregnant mothers about factors affecting in select of giving birth method in the Yazd Shohadaye Kargar hospital] [Article in Persian]. J Urima Nurs Midwifery Facul 2007;5(4):156-61.
  26. Fuglenes D, Aas E, Botten G, Oian P, Kristiansen IS. Why do some pregnant women prefer cesarean? The influence of parity, delivery experiences, and fear. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Jul;205(1):45.e1-9.
  27. Abadi Farahani M. [Affect of midwifery special cares a long labor and type of labor] [Article in Persian]. Iran Nurs J 2006;18(43):72-6.
  28. Lee LY, Holroyd E, Ng CY. Exploring factors influencing Chinese women's decision to have elective cesarean surgery. Midwifery 2001 Dec;17(4):314-22.
  29. Gagnon AJ, Meier KM, Waghom K. Continuity of nursing care and its link to cesarean birth rate. Birth 2007 Mar;34(1):26-31.
  30. Goodman P, Mackey MC, Tavakoli AS. Factors related to childbirth satisfaction. J Adv Nurs 2004 Apr;46(2):212-9.
  31. Jamshidimanesh M, Oskouie F, Jouybary L, Sanagoo A. [The process of women’s decision making for selection of cesarean delivery] [Article in Persian]. Iran J Nurs 2009;21(56):55-67.
  32. Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003 Mar;82(3):201-8.
  33. Seyed Nouri T, Jamshidi Avanaki F. [Survey the relationship between knowledge and attitude of pregnant women requesting cesarean section referred to Rasht health centers and their choice reasons] [Article in Persian]. J Gilan Univ Med Sci 2006 Fall;15(59):75-84.
  34. Fenwick J, Staff L, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Bayes S. Why do women request cesarean section in a normal, healthy first pregnancy? Midwifery 2010 Aug;26(4):394-400.
  35. Pillitteri A. Maternal and child health nursing: care of the childbearing & childrearing family. 5th ed. Philaldelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2007. 36.
  36. Ricci SS. Essentials of maternity, newborn and women’s health nursing. Philaldelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2007.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics