The impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

2 Student of Ph.D. by Research, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

3 M.Sc. Student of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Birth defects, premature birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation are major causes of neonatal death and disability in the other time of life. Because the evaluation of factors influencing pregnancy is an obstetric important issue, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review was carried out to identify published literature from 1990 to 2013 using keywords air pollution, dust storm, human health and pregnancy outcomes in Pubmed, Google Scholars, Springer, Magiran, Science Direct and Iran Medex databases.
Results: The evidence was sufficient to infer a causal relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory deaths in the post neonatal period. Also, air pollution was associated with low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. There was a relationship between high level of air pollution and DNA damage in newborns. Also high level of air pollution can increase mortality and morbidity in childhood and an elevated risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in adulthood.
Conclusion: Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact on the growth and health of the other stages of life.

Keywords

References

  1. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A, Sayehmiri K. Predictive factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women: a Receiver Operation Character approach. Arch Med Sci. 30;9(4):684-9.
  2. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A, Sayehmiri K. Predictive factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women: a unvariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Acta Biochim Pol.59(4):673-7.
  3. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Rezaeian M. Increased intravenous hydration of nulliparas in labor. Int J Gynaecol, 2012;118(3):213-5.
  4. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Jaafarpour M, Khani A. Comparison effect of oral propranolol and oxytocin versus oxytocin only on induction of labour in nulliparous women (a double blind randomized trial). J Clin Diagn Res. 2013,;7(11):2567-9.
  5. Wang X, Ding H, Ryan L, Xu X. Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study. Environ Health Perspect 1997 May;105(5):514-20.
  6. Vrijheid M, Casas M, Bergstrom A, Carmichael A, Cordier S, Eggesbo M, et al. European birth cohorts for environmental health research. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(1):29-37.
  7. Wu J, Wilhelm M, Chung J, Ritz B. Comparing exposure assessment methods for traffic-related air pollution in an adverse pregnancy outcome study. Environ Res 2011 Jul;111(5):685-92.
  8. Chen H, Goldberg MS, Villeneuve PJ. A systematic review of the relation between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases. Rev Environ Health 2008 Oct-Dec;23(4):243-97.
  9. Sram RJ, Binkova B, Dejmek J, Bobak M. Ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a review of the literature. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr;113(4):375-82.
  10. Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pless-Mulloli T, Howel D. Particulate air pollution and fetal health: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiology 2004 Jan;15(1):36-45.
  11. Gyllenborg J, Skakkebaek NE, Nielsen NC, Keiding N, Giwercman A. Secular and seasonal changes in semen quality among young Danish men: a statistical analysis of semen samples from 1927 donor candidates during 1977-1995. Int J Androl 1999 Feb;22(1):28-36.
  12. Polanska K, Hanke W. [Effect of smoking during pregnancy on maternal condition and birth outcome--overview of epidemiologic studies] .[Article in Polish]. Przegl Epidemiol 2004;58(4):683-91.
  13. Stillerman KP, Mattison DR, Giudice LC, Woodruff TJ. Environmental exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review of the science. Reprod Sci 2008 Sep;15(7):631-50.
  14. Olsson D, Mogren I, Forsberg B. Air pollution exposure in early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a register-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2013 Feb 5;3(2). pii: e001955. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001955.
  15. Schwartz J, Marcus A. Mortality and air pollution in London: a time series analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1990 Jan;131(1):185-94.
  16. Schwela D. Air pollution and health in urban areas. Rev Environ Health 2000 Jan-Jun;15(1-2):13-42.
  17. Whyatt RM, Santella RM, Jedrychowski W, Garte SJ, Bell DA, Ottman R, et al. Relationship between ambient air pollution and DNA damage in Polish mothers and newborns. Environ Health Perspect 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:821-6.
  18. van den Hooven EH, de Kluizenaar Y, Pierik FH, Hofman A, van Ratingen SW, Zandveld PY, et al. Air pollution, blood pressure, and the risk of hypertensive complications during pregnancy: the generation R study. Hypertension 2011 Mar;57(3):406-12.
  19. Murphy VE, Namazy JA, Powell H, Schatz M, Chambers C, Attia J, et al. A meta-analysis of adverse perinatal outcomes in women with asthma. BJOG 2011 Oct;118(11):1314-23.
  20. Suh YJ, Kim H, Seo JH, Park H, Kim YJ, Hong YC, et al. Different effects of PM10 exposure on preterm birth by gestational period estimated from time-dependent survival analyses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009 Apr;82(5):613-21.
  21. van den Hooven EH, Pierik FH, de Kluizenaar Y, Hofman A, van Ratingen SW, Zandveld PY, et al. Air pollution exposure and markers of placental growth and function: the generation R study. Environ Health Perspect 2012 Dec;120(12):1753-9.
  22. Wilhelm M, Ritz B. Local variations in CO and particulate air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Environ Health Perspect 2005 Sep;113(9):1212-21.
  23. Yi O, Kim H, Ha E. Does area level socioeconomic status modify the effects of PM(10) on preterm delivery? Environ Res 2010 Jan;110(1):55-61.
  24. Gluckman PD, Hanson MA. Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease. Science 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.
  25. Barr DB, Bishop A, Needham LL. Concentrations of xenobiotic chemicals in the maternal-fetal unit. Reprod Toxicol 2007 Apr-May;23(3):260-6.
  26. Bruckner JV. Differences in sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity: the NAS panel report. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2000 Jun;31(3):280-5.
  27. Sram RJ, Benes I, Binkova B, Dejmek J, Horstman D, Kotesovec F, et al. Teplice program--the impact of air pollution on human health. Environ Health Perspect 1996 Aug;104 Suppl 4:699-714.
  28. Ritz B, Yu F, Fruin S, Chapa G, Shaw GM, Harris JA. Ambient air pollution and risk of birth defects in Southern California. Am J Epidemiol 2002 Jan 1;155(1):17-25.
  29. Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Hemminki K, Santella RM, Tsai WY, Yang K, et al. Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA damage and cigarette smoke exposures in paired maternal and newborn blood samples as a measure of differential susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001 Jun;10(6):581-8.
  30. Salihu HM, McCainey TN, Aliyu MH. Maternal smoking and respiratory distress syndrome among triplets. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004 Jul;86(1):44-5.
  31. Maisonet M, Bush TJ, Correa A, Jaakkola JJ. Relation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight in the Northeastern United States. Environ Health Perspect 2001 Jun;109 Suppl 3:351-6.
  32. Snijder CA, Roeleveld N, Te Velde E, Steegers EA, Raat H, Hofman A, et al. Occupational exposure to chemicals and fetal growth: the Generation R Study. Hum Reprod 2012 Mar;27(3):910-20.
  33. Bobak M, Leon DA. Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: an ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-8. Occup Environ Med 1999 Aug;56(8):539-43.
  34. Dejmek J, Selevan SG, Benes I, Solansky I, Sram RJ. Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 1999 Jun 107(6):475-80.
  35. Ballester F, Estarlich M, Iniguez C, Llop S, Ramon R, Esplugues A, et al. Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birth size: a prospective birth cohort study in Valencia, Spain. Environ Health 2010 Jan 29;9:6. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-6.
  36. Leem JH, Kaplan BM, Shim YK, Pohl HR, Gotway CA, Bullard SM, et al. Exposures to air pollutants during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Environ Health Perspect 2006 Jun;114(6):905-10.
  37. Liu S, Krewski D, Shi Y, Chen Y, Burnett RT. Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 2003 Nov;111(14):1773-8.
  38. Hansen C, Neller A, Williams G, Simpson R. Maternal exposure to low levels of ambient air pollution and preterm birth in Brisbane, Australia. BJOG 2006 Aug;113(8):935-41.
  39. Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Waller LA, Correa A, Marcus M, et al. Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: a time-series analysis. Epidemiology 2009 Sep;20(5):689-98.
  40. Brauer M, Lencar C, Tamburic L, Koehoorn M, Demers P, Karr C. A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution impacts on birth outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 2008 May;116(5):680-6.
  41. Lee SJ, Hajat S, Steer PJ, Filippi V. A time-series analysis of any short-term effects of meteorological and air pollution factors on preterm births in London, UK. Environ Res 2008 Feb;106(2):185-94.
  42. Jalaludin B, Mannes T, Morgan G, Lincoln D, Sheppeard V, Corbett S. Impact of ambient air pollution on gestational age is modified by season in Sydney ,Australia. Environ Health 2007;6:16.
  43. Huynh M, Woodruff TJ, Parker JD, Schoendorf KC. Relationships between air pollution and preterm birth in California. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2006 Nov;20(6):454-61.
  44. Sagiv SK, Mendola P, Loomis D, Herring AH ,Neas LM, Savitz DA, et al. A time-series analysis of air pollution and preterm birth in Pennsylvania, 1997-2001. Environ Health Perspect 2005 May;113(5):602-6.
  45. Llop S, Ballester F, Estarlich M, Esplugues A, Rebagliato M, Iniguez C. Preterm birth and exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy. Environ Res 2010 Nov;110(8):778-85.
  46. Gehring U, Wijga AH, Brauer M, Fischer P, de Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, et al. Traffic-related air pollution and dry night cough during the first 8 years of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011 Feb;22(1 Pt 1):85-6.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics