The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Effect of Resistance Training on Brachial Ankle Index, Blood Pressure and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Type-2 Diabetic Women With Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Naeimeh Nourmohammadian 1
Adel Donyaei 2
1 M.Sc. in Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, School of Physical Education, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
10.22038/ijogi.2026.27608
Abstract
Introduction: It seems that vascular function plays a role in the development of diabetes; the present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of resistance training on ankle-brachial index, blood pressure and bone morphogenetic protein 4 in women with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2024 on 28 type 2 diabetic women with peripheral neuropathy (Michigan Score higher than 7).The subjects were placed in two groups of resistance training (n=13) and control (n=15). The training group performed 12 weeks of 1RM training including 11 movements at intensity of 50-60% of maximum strength and 1-3 progressive sets (increasing by one set every 4 weeks) performed three days a week. Before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session, blood pressure, brachial plexus index (ABI), and anthropometric indices were measured and blood sampling was collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 27) and dependent t-test and analysis of covariance. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In ankle-brachial index (P=0.011), systolic blood pressure (P=0.02), blood sugar (P=0.001), insulin resistance (P=0.001) and 4-BMP (P=0.001) based on the covariance values, there was a significant decrease in the values ​​of the training group compared to the control group; However, there was no significant difference for weight, body mass index, fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, BMP-4 decreased during resistance training and it seems that the decrease may be related to exercise-induced arterial changes, but needs more research in this field.
Keywords
Ankle Brachial Index
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4
Diabetic Neuropathy
Resistance Training
Subjects
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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 28, Issue 11
January 2026
Pages 58-67